Primary and Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke

Abstract

Prevention of stroke and transient ischemic attack includes both conventional approaches to vascular risk factor management (blood pressure lowering, cholesterol reduction with statins, smoking cessation and antiplatelet therapy) and more specific interventions, such as carotid revascularization or anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation. The objective of this review is to discuss effective interventions for optimal primary and secondary stroke prevention.

Original article Circulated CD4 + CD28 - lymphocytes rate and their cytotoxicity and morphological parameters of internal carotid artery atheromatous plaques in patients with atherosclerosis-related ischemic stroke

“…The percentage of CD4 + CD28 -Lc in the blood was equally high regardless of the type of the analysed risk factors for stroke [20]. These results validate our previous observations and justify the search for potential relations between lymphocytes and atherosclerosis of extracranial arteries [6].…”

Expert-System Based Medical Stroke Prevention

“…Hypertension, for example can be treated. Paciaroni and Bogousslavsky (2010) suggested that antihypertensive therapy targeted toward the lowest tolerated blood pressure may be beneficial in patients at risk of stroke. Preventive advice given by this system has been supported by past researches.…”

“…Preventive advice given by this system has been supported by past researches. The National Stroke Association and the American Heart Association recommend smoking cessation as a stroke prevention measure (Paciaroni and Bogousslavsky, 2010).…”

Secondary prevention of stroke: Pleiotropic effects of optimal oral pharmacotherapy

“…Stroke also has substantial costs related to complications, including poststroke dementia, depression, falls, fractures and epilepsy (4). Risk factors and sources of stroke must be identified in order to take steps towards preventing stroke (5). Although primary prevention is most significant in the reduction of stroke burden, effective secondary prevention is also essential (4 stroke, which are becoming more frequent in an increasingly aging population (5).…”