Primary and Secondary Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Abstract

Despite the significant differences in the clinical picture of primary and secondary bleeders, the severity of bleeding appear to be similar in both groups. Although there was a trend towards a higher gastrointestinal-related mortality in secondary bleeders, it was not statistically significant.

Bleeding peptic ulcer: characteristics and outcomes in Newcastle, NSW

“…Our outcome data are superior to a number of other groups previously published and similar to that of a large recent Swedish review. 1,17,18 Of note, our rate of transfusion was lower than previously recommended and consistent with more recent data. 19 Bleeding peptic ulcers remain a significant cause of morbidity and to a lesser extent mortality.…”

Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with Acute Surgical Diseases

“…Duodenal ulcer was also the most common cause of haemorrhage in this group of patients in our study -49.2%. Other authors also report similar results (9,10,11). It is worth emphasizing that these theses are related with patients hospitalised on internal ward.…”

“…It is worth emphasizing that in both groups the death rate in case of haemorrhage recurrence was higher when compared with general death rate within these groups. Other authors report similar data (8)(9)(10)(11).…”

“…In all available publications related with this group of patients, authors report a death rate reaching 34-36% (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Majority of deaths is not caused by the sole bleeding, but by simultaneous exacerbation of co-existing diseases.…”

“…Respiratory failure, concussion, coagulopathy and sepsis are well known haemorrhage risk factors in these patients (5,6,7). Occurrence of haemorrhage during stay on gastric and internal medicine departments was also described (8)(9)(10)(11). Nonetheless, there are no publications concerning haemorrhage during stay at surgical clinic, in patients suffering from acute ailments not only within the alimentary tract.…”