Primal–dual approach to environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: A demand and supply side analyses of environmental degradation

Abstract

The unavoidable negative effects of global warming have been a key if not the most important issue occupying policy makers in the world at large today. The much talked about green economy nowadays seeks to achieve sustainable economic growth and development without compromising environmental quality. The relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth is largely explained by the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. By employing the basic postulation of the baseline EKC framework, this study proposes and tests the existence of a dualistic approach of the EKC hypothesis. Geometry is used to illustrate the proposed dualistic model. Meanwhile, the novel dynamic common correlation effect econometric technique is employed to test the existence of the dualistic EKC within a panel of 109 countries from 1995 to 2016. The outcome from the estimated models shows that, in the global sample, the existence of the dualistic U-shaped and N-shaped EKC hypothesis is validated. When the sample is split into subsamples based on income levels, the U-shaped EKC hypothesis is validated for lower-income and high-income economies meanwhile, the N-shaped dualistic EKC is mostly associated with high-income economies.

Women empowerment and environmental sustainability in Africa

“…Moreover, given that a long standing relationship has been established between economic growth (GDP), FDI and environmental quality 1 According to the World Bank (2020), the eight indicators included in the construction of the Women, Business and the Law index are: (i) Mobilitywhich examines constraints on freedom of movement; (ii) Workplacewhich analysis laws affecting women's decisions to work; (iii) Paywhich measures laws and regulations affecting women's pay; (iv) Marriagethat assesses legal constraints related to marriage; (v) Parenthoodwhich examines laws affecting women's work after having children; (vi) Entrepreneurshipconcerned with analysing the constraints on women's starting and running businesses; (vii) Assetswhich takes into consideration gender differences in property and inheritance; (viii) Pensionwhich assesses laws affecting the magnitude of a woman's pension. (Dinga et al, 2021), it is intuitively believed that GDP and FDI are the principal channels through which women's socioeconomic empowerment affects environmental sustainability.…”

“…Equally, the last column in Table 3 shows the system GMM results of the CO2 model. Given that this study employs the GHG emissions as a proxy for environmental quality unlike other recent studies (Asongu et al, 2021;Dinga et al, 2021;Miamo and Achuo, 2022) that use CO2 emissions as a proxy for environmental quality, it was necessary for us to estimate another model to check for the robustness of our results. Consequently, the results from the CO2 emissions model remain consistent with our baseline results.…”

The effect of natural resources extraction and public debt on environmental sustainability

“…The reasons for the inverted U-shaped relationship between the two have been attributed to the scale effect, composition effect and technology effect associated with the stages of development (Panayotou, 1997). Since the work by Grossman and Krueger (1995), many others have examined this relationship and reported mixed reports (Wang et al, 2022;Adamu et al, 2019;Dinga et al, 2022;Akpan and Chuku, 2011;Alhassan, 2021;Bah et al, 2020;Kwakwa and Adu, 2015;Maneejuk et al, 2020). For instance Onifade (2022) did not confirm the EKC hypothesis for leading oil-producing African countries.…”

Structural Change, Environmental Pollution and Health Expenditure: Evidence from a Global Panel

“…Equally, Mujtaba & Shahzad (2021) Few studies have used ecological footprint to measure environmental pollution, unlike the proceeding studies that used CO2 emissions. Dinga et al (2022) used the ecological footprint to capture pollution when testing the existence of a dualistic approach to the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. Nathaniel & Shah (2020) explored the effect of renewable and non-renewable energy on the environment in MENA countries, using the ecological footprint to capture pollution.…”