Primacy and recency effects in extinction and latent inhibition: A selective review with implications for models of learning

Pineño, Oskar; Miller, Ralph R.

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2005.02.006

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…What is experienced first is remembered better [7]–[10], it drives attachment more strongly [11]–[13], creates stronger association with the self [14], influences impressions more decisively [15]–[18], and persuades more effectively [19]–[21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Is Best

Carney

Banaji

2012

PLoS ONE

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We experience the world serially rather than simultaneously. A century of research on human and nonhuman animals has suggested that the first experience in a series of two or more is cognitively privileged. We report three experiments designed to test the effect of first position on implicit preference and choice using targets that range from individual humans and social groups to consumer goods. Experiment 1 demonstrated an implicit preference to buy goods from the first salesperson encountered and to join teams encountered first, even when the difference in encounter is mere seconds. In Experiment 2 the first of two consumer items presented in quick succession was more likely to be chosen. In Experiment 3 an alternative hypothesis that first position merely accentuates the valence of options was ruled out by demonstrating that first position enhances preference for the first even when it is evaluatively negative in meaning (a criminal). Together, these experiments demonstrate a “first is best” effect and we offer possible interpretations based on evolutionary mechanisms of this “bound” on rational behavior and suggest that automaticity of judgment may be a helpful principle in clarifying previous inconsistencies in the empirical record on the effects of order on preference and choice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Is Best

Carney

Banaji

2012

PLoS ONE

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“…There are many examples in which behavior after ambiguous learning experiences has been shown to be dependent on the context in which the different components of training and testing have been carried out (see Pineño & Miller, 2005, for a recent review). For example, Thomas, Larsen, and Ayres (2003) found that a change of context following acquisition and extinction resulted in renewed responding, consistent with the initial acquisition phase, rather than with the extinction phase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recent work has emphasized the distinction between causal and predictive judgments (Collins & Shanks, 2002;Matute et al, 2002), with causal judgments more likely to produce integrative judgments or primacy effects. Perhaps the key factor that will shift a judgment about relatively stable properties of the world, such as cause-effect relations, from recency to integration to primacy (Pineño & Miller, 2005) is the degree of context change that is evident between stages. Since latent inhibition and extinction are differentially sensitive to context manipulations (Experiment 3), a complex pattern across studies is to be expected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recency and primacy in causal judgments: Effects of probe question and context switch on latent inhibition and extinction

Glautier

2008

Memory & Cognition

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Traditional associative models assume that associative weights are updated on a trial-by-trial basis. As a result, it is usually expected that responses based on these weights will tend to reflect the most recently presented contingencies. However, a number of studies of human causal judgments have shown primacy effects, wherein judgments obtained at the end of a series of trials are more strongly influenced by a contingency that was in force early in the sequence than by a contingency that was in force later in the sequence. The experiments described in this article replicated other work showing that requesting causal judgments during a sequence can reverse primacy and produce strong recency effects. Evidence was also obtained to suggest that primacy effects are produced by an interaction between latent inhibition and extinction processes and that requesting a judgment affects both of these processes.

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“…Of critical importance to the current study, the interpolation of a retention interval between counterconditioning and testing also resulted in partial recovery of the first-learned CS-US association. This effect was explained by Pineño and Miller (2005) as potentially due to an integration of the memories of conditioning and extinction, thereby resulting in an increase in responding due to the combined Biological Significance in Human Causal Learning | John and Pineño…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preconditioned associations between hazard symbols and presumed danger levels might or might not have influenced the intensity of spontaneous recovery observed within this particular group. Pineño and Miller's (2005) comprehensive literature review alluded to Pavlov's (1927) study of phenomena such as extinction and counterconditioning (i.e., CS-US pairings followed by pairings of the CS with a different US, typically of different motivational values such as tone-shock pairings followed by tone-food pairings). Of critical importance to the current study, the interpolation of a retention interval between counterconditioning and testing also resulted in partial recovery of the first-learned CS-US association.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Participation in Alcoholics Anonymous and Social Anxiety

Moser¹,

Turk²,

Glover³

2015

PsiChiJournal

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of encouraging, stim u lat ing, and maintaining ex cel lence in schol ar ship, and advancing the sci ence of psy chol ogy. Mem ber ship is open to gradu ate and under gradu ate students mak ing the study of psy chol ogy one of their major interests and who meet Psi Chi's min i mum qual i fi ca tions. Psi Chi is a member of the As so cia tion of Col lege Honor So ci et ies (ACHS), and is an affiliate of the Ameri can Psy cho logi cal As so cia tion (APA) and the Association for Psy cho log i cal Science (APS). Psi Chi's sister honor society is Psi Beta, the na tion al honor society in psychology for com mu nity and junior colleges.Psi Chi functions as a federation of chap ters located at over 1,100 senior col leg es and universities around the world. The Psi Chi Central Office is lo cat ed in Chatta nooga, Ten nessee. A Board of Directors, com posed of psy chol o gy faculty who are Psi Chi members and who are elect ed by the chapters, guides the affairs of the Or ga ni za tion and sets pol i cy with the ap prov al of the chap ters.Psi Chi serves two major goals. The first of these is the Society's ob li ga tion to pro vide ac a dem ic rec og ni tion to its in duc tees by the mere fact of mem ber ship. The sec ond is the opportunity of each of the Society's local chapters to nourish and stim u late the pro fes sion al growth of all members through fellowship and activities de signed to augment and en hance the reg u lar cur ric u lum. In addition, the Or ga ni za tion provides programs to help achieve these goals including con ven tions, research awards and grants competitions, and publication opportunities. JOURNAL PURPOSE STATEMENTThe twofold purpose of the Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research is to foster and reward the scholarly efforts of psychology students as well as to provide them with a valuable learning Postmaster: Send ad dress chang es to the address below. Roszak (1992Roszak ( , 1995, ecopsychology research has produced conflicting results regarding whether a positive or negative religion-environment relation exists. Collections such as Proctor's (2005) Science, Religion, and the Human Experience have emphasized the complexity of such varied relations, stating that the world, the nature of its resources, and the religion of its people are interactive processes that both actively influence and affect one another.Due to the increasing complexity of global climate change and the rich history of religionprompted social action, it is imperative that ecopsychology further address any link between these two ideologies. At present, most experimental research has supported White's thesis. Regardless, all significant findings that have affirmed or refuted the religion-environment connection should be considered analytically. For instance, some Judeo-Christian perspectives uphold the existence of religiously prompted environmental stewardship (Sneep, 2007) and a need to care for God's creation (DeWitt, Baer, Derr, & Ehlers, 1998). A direct positive correlation between Christianity and ecologically cons...

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Primacy and recency effects in extinction and latent inhibition: A selective review with implications for models of learning

Cited by 25 publications

References 72 publications

First Is Best

First Is Best

Recency and primacy in causal judgments: Effects of probe question and context switch on latent inhibition and extinction

The Relationship Between Participation in Alcoholics Anonymous and Social Anxiety

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