Prim�r neurogene und myogene St�rungen der K�rperhaltung

Abstract

Disturbance of posture may occur in a variety of neurological disorders and occasionally is the presenting or even the only sign. In the majority of cases, the head or the trunk or both are bent forward (bent spine syndrome, dropped head syndrome). A feature of these primary neurogenic or myogenic postural disturbances that is in contrast to antalgic contraction or ankylosis is that they are not fixed, but the trunk or head are easily erected by the examiner and show a characteristic sagging. Neuromuscular disorders are a frequent cause. They may be confined to the paraspinal muscles. Axial computed tomography of the spine, electromyography of the involved muscles, and muscle biopsy help to make the diagnosis. However, also central movement disorders may lead to a sagging of the head or trunk or of both due to a lessened tone of the head and trunk extensors. This is frequently seen in the various parkinsonian syndromes which may, however, occur in association with a focal myopathy of the paraspinal muscles. Occasionally, sagging of the trunk is seen as a side effect of neuropharmacologic medication. Sagging of the trunk or head should be differentiated from a pathologically increased innervation of the ventral muscles in dystonic movement disorders such as antecollis or camptocormia. Pathologic reclination of the head or trunk or both is a rare disturbance of posture. It may occur in dystonia (retrocollis) or, occasionally, as a consequence of musculotendinous contractures secondary to certain neuromuscular disorders such as the rigid spine syndrome.

An orthosis and physiotherapy programme for camptocormia: A prospective case study

“…this might be due to the inefficiency of previous orthoses in correcting the forward bent spine. Indeed, the 2 previous studies using objective criteria failed to report any good correction of camptocormia, and could only demonstrate acceptable tolerance of the orthosis and good subjective results (24,28). In usual orthosis designs, the trunk is considered as flexible tubing and orthoses are designed to exert direct local pressure to correct abnormal posture.…”

Psychophysiological Patterns of the Adaptation of Adolescents With Dysfunction of the Locomotor System (Professional and Educational Aspect)

“…У детей с нарушением осанки независимо от пола количество касаний в секунду, характеризуемых как ошибочные действия, достоверно ниже (при p < 0,001), чем у контрольной группы подростков. На точностные характеристики двигательного акта влияет амплитуда физиологического тремора [4,18]. Базальные ганглии участвуют в тонких механизмах управления медленными движениями.…”

Komplikationsanalyse von spinalen Eingriffen bei adulten zentralen Bewegungsstörungen und Skoliosen

“…Es handelt sich nicht um eine eigentliche Lähmung. Ursächlich ist vielmehr eine Reduktion des zentralen Antriebs der unwillkür-lichen Haltungsinnervation [3].…”