“…Consequently, a substantial body of research 20 has focused on proposing demand response (DR) algorithms to coordinate EV charging and establish their benefits (a review of various DR algorithms for charging coordination is given in [2], [3], [4], and [5]). However, one of the main limitations of such proposed DR algorithms is their potentially unrealistic assumptions about the EV owner behavior (e.g., time of availability of EV, sojourn 25 times and the fraction of the sojourn time that is not spent for charging and is named idle time). To design an efficient and practical DR algorithm, it is necessary to accurately understand the flexibility stemming from EVs and how to influence it (through price based and incentive based schemes) to maximize DR benefits.…”