Pricing inertia and Frequency Response with diverse dynamics in a Mixed-Integer Second-Order Cone Programming formulation

Badesa, Luis; Teng, Fei; Štrbac, Goran

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114334

Cited by 44 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In other words, energy dispatch is subject to operational constraints, and there are no payments for being constrained on or off. This model is also consistent with the establishment of spot markets for system services, but co-optimized with generator dispatch (Badesa et al, 2020;Pϋschel-Lovengreen and Mancarella, 2018).…”

Section: Dominant Service Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Unit commitment creates nonconvexities in dispatch optimization, 13 which makes locational marginal pricing less meaningful. Some designs have adopted linear relaxations of the integer products to obtain meaningful pricing of inertia (Badesa et al, 2020). In other markets, the challenges of revenue inadequacy flowing from centralized unit commitment have relied upon 'uplift and clawback' side-payment frameworks, and upon alternative price formations for energy (such as convex-hull approximations) to minimize those uplift payments (Gribik et al, 2007).…”

Section: Definabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Market design for system security in low carbon electricity grids

Billimoria

Mancarella

Poudineh

2020

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Section: Dominant Service Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Definabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Market design for system security in low carbon electricity grids

Billimoria

Mancarella

Poudineh

2020

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“…The formulation captures the basic dynamic features of governors and adds a linear ramp rate constraint to the underlying optimization problem. The concept of simplifying dynamic representations of frequency stability has been extended to various other problems, such as Unit Commitment (UC) [45], storage integration [46], wind turbine frequency response [47], stochastic scheduling [48], and inertia and frequency response pricing [49]. However, in the aforementioned coupled reserve and energy formulations, the system dynamics (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the system operating conditions, we evaluated the system frequency response using the methodological approach described in Section II.B. As a result, we obtained that in 1881 of the 8760 operating conditions (21.47%), the occurrence of at least one contingency resulted in a frequency nadir below the UFLSSs threshold defined by the Chilean regulatory framework (49 ). This shows that the power reserves allocation obtained from the UC does not always allow the system to ride through major power imbalances without activation of UFLSSs.…”

Section: Fast Frequency Response Requirements To Ensure System Frequency Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological Approach for Defining Frequency Related Grid Requirements in Low-Carbon Power Systems

et al. 2020

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Moving towards low-carbon electricity systems through the massive deployment of renewable energy sources (RES) presents a unique opportunity to combat climate change, but it also poses enormous technical challenges, especially from a frequency viewpoint. To ensure a secure RES integration in terms of frequency stability, system operators worldwide have adopted new grid codes requiring RES to provide fast frequency response (FFR). However, if not properly justified, stringent requirements may pose an unnecessary barrier to further RES development and slow their network integration. In this context, this paper presents a methodological framework for systematically defining FFR requirements for RES to ensure system frequency stability. The proposal comprises: i) a model for simulating the dynamic response of system frequency following a contingency with reduced computational effort, ii) a model for reallocating contingency reserves with economic criteria to avoid loss of load following a contingency, and iii) novel indices for characterizing the dynamic performance of system frequency in terms of key operational characteristics, which are then used for defining frequency related grid codes. The benefits and practicability of our proposal are demonstrated in a case study on the Northern Interconnected System in Chile. We show how our proposal can be used to i) identify system operating conditions in which the contribution of RES with FFR is necessary to avoid loss of load and ii) to propose a technically and economically justified grid code that allows both to foster further RES integration while ensuring power system security.

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“…The basic UC flowchart can be seen in Figure 1. Some authors have incorporated a frequency-secured optimization framework for the procurement of an inertia [33] and frequency response [34], which enables the application of a marginal pricing scheme for these services.…”

Section: Uc With Exogenous Frequency Constraints Buc Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous Approach of a Frequency-Constrained Unit Commitment in Islanded Microgrid Systems

et al. 2021

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Power reserves are usually scheduled in day-ahead unit commitment (UC) to minimize operating costs while maintaining system security. In applying basic UC (bUC) after a contingency, the system frequency may fall upon the activation of the load-shedding global control (under-frequency load-shedding or UFLS) limits. Small isolated microgrids are more sensitive to this issue due to their lack of inertia. Including dynamic considerations into the bUC problem can minimize UFLS activation and also avoid the need for the operator to later check the short-term feasibility of a bUC solution. These proposals are known as Frequency-Constrained UC (FCUC), although the implementation are very time-consuming. FCUC implementation will increase the system’s operational costs, which should be calculated to estimate remuneration to the safety service based on the additional reserve provision. The electrical system of Gran Canaria island has suffered several episodes of greater blackouts in recent years. Shortly, there will be 242 MW of wind generation installed (26% of the thermal power installed on Gran Canaria). The main objective of this work is to improve the island system reliability by means of an FCUC formulation applied by the system operator in practice, including renewable sources. The results show that the frequency values remained within the admissible boundaries, but the system’s operational costs increased by around 13%.

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Pricing inertia and Frequency Response with diverse dynamics in a Mixed-Integer Second-Order Cone Programming formulation

Cited by 44 publications

References 26 publications

Market design for system security in low carbon electricity grids

Market design for system security in low carbon electricity grids

Methodological Approach for Defining Frequency Related Grid Requirements in Low-Carbon Power Systems

Endogenous Approach of a Frequency-Constrained Unit Commitment in Islanded Microgrid Systems

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