Priapism and Sickle Cell Disease: Special Considerations in Etiology, Management, and Prevention

The Effectiveness of Priapism's Structured Educational Module on Nurses' Knowledge, Attitude, Beliefs, and Patient’s Profile

“…The global incidence in 2021 of priapism is 1.5 cases per 100,000 personyears in middle-aged men years. obviousness, the incidence raises to 2.9 cases per 100,000 person-years not only in developing countries (9) . Nationally, the prevalence of priapism is not factual, and the clarifications comprise underreporting by patients, delayed awareness by healthcare member and lack of right prospective studies (12) .…”

“…Primordially, priapism is diagnosed through history taking and physical examination, but corporal blood gas analysis, hematological screening, and a penile ultrasound are sometimes beneficial (9) . Ischemic priapism is a urological emergency that must be treated immediately using invasive procedures such as surgical needle aspiration to drain excess blood; saline flushed into penile veins to improve blood flow blood, surgical shunt to vent blood from the penis, or/and treat underlying causes, while nonischemic priapism often goes away treatment such as simple ice compress, lower limb exercise and pressure on the perineum may help end the erection to low risk of developing irreversible erectile dysfunction (10,11) .…”

Sickle Cell Disease

“…65,66 Low blood flow due to venous congestion in the corpora cavernosa impedes blood outflow and causes priapism, a process resulting from RBC hemolysis, causing aberrant regulation of nitric oxide and impeding smooth muscle relaxation (Figure 1). 67 Many have intermittent or "stuttering" priapism (lasting <3 hours), which is a risk factor for the more severe ischemic priapism. 68 Initial treatment consists of supportive measures with oral fluids, warm showers, and walking.…”

New Horizons in Emergency Department Management of Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease

“…Prolonged and/or refractory episodes of priapism can cause scarring of the corpus cavernosum, leading to permanent erectile dysfunction. 10,31,32…”