Prevotella-rich enterotype may benefit gut health in finishing pigs fed diet with a high amylose-to-amylopectin ratio

Abstract

To investigate the influence of baseline enterotypes and dietary starch type on the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), numbers of butyrate producing bacteria and the expression of genes related to intestinal barrier and inflammatory response in the colon of finishing pigs, a 60-d in vivo trial was conducted. A 2-wk pre-trial with 102 crossbred (Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire]) finishing barrows (90 d old) was conducted to screen enterotypes. Then, a total of 32 pigs (87.40 ± 2.76 kg) with high (HPBR, ≥ 14) and low (LPBR, ≤ 2) Prevotella -to- Bacteroides ratios (PBR) in equal measure were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 replicates per group and 1 pig per replicate. The trial was designed following a 2 (PBR) × 2 (amylose-to-amylopectin ratio, AMR) factorial arrangement. Pigs with different PBR were fed diets based on corn-soybean meal with high AMR (HAMR, 1.24) or low AMR (LAMR, 0.23), respectively. Results showed that neither PBR nor AMR influenced the growth performance of pigs. HPBR pigs fed HAMR diet had a higher number of colonic Clostridium cluster XIVa and higher gene expression of butyrate kinase compared to the LPBR pigs ( P < 0.05). The HPBR pigs fed HAMR diets also had increased colonic concentrations of total SCFA and propionate compared to the LPBR pigs ( P < 0.05). Comparing with other pigs, HPBR pigs fed HAMR diets showed a lower ( P < 0.05) expression of histone deacetylases ( HDAC ) gene and higher ( P < 0.05) expression of G protein-coupled receptor 43 gene ( GPR 43 ) in the colonic mucosa. The interaction ( P < 0.05) of HPBR and HAMR was also found to decrease the gene expression of interleukin ( IL )-6, IL-12 , IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α ) in colonic mucosa. These findings show that HAMR diet increased the abundance and activity of butyrate-producing bacteria and the concentration and absorption of SCFA, which may be associated with the decreased gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in the colonic mucosa of pigs with Prevotella -rich enterotype. All these alterations are likely to have a positive effect on the intestinal health of finishing pigs.

Importance of Zinc Nanoparticles for the Intestinal Microbiome of Weaned Piglets

“…For example, subjects with a high abundance of Prevotella usually have a lower prevalence of Bacteroides which have immunomodulatory effects ( 100 , 101 ). Possible explanation could be that Prevotella produce anti-inflammatory short fatty acids which help to modulate the immune system ( 102 ). In addition, Prevotella-driven enterotype has shown a positive influence of feed intake, weight gain, and results in the decrease of diarrhea incidence ( 103 ).…”

“…A similar study ( 118 ), which compared porcine microbiome under 40 and 2,500 mg/L ZnO treatment, showed clear differences at genus and species level using metagenomic sequencing of colon microbiota. This study has shown the higher increases were in the genus of Prevotella, Roseburia, Bacteroides, Bacillus and the higher decreases in the genus of Lactobacillus, Megaspharea and Alisteps , whereas Clostridium, Eubacterium, Dorea, Streptococcus and Bifidobacterium remained unchanged The Prevotella / Bacteroidetes ratio in the gut microbiota has been shown to predict body weight in humans, in Prevotella pigs the rich enterotype has a beneficial effect on inflammation reduction in finish pigs due to the fact that representatives of the genus Prevotella use carbohydrates and produce anti-inflammatory short-chain fatty acids ( 102 ). The Prevotella -controlled enterotype showed a positive relationship, including feed intake and efficiency, weight gain, and prevention of diarrhea.…”

Copresent microbiome and short-chain fatty acids profiles of plant biomass utilization in rumen simulation technique system

“…For MAGs classified into unknown species, these MAGs were classified into different genera (genus Lachnobacterium: M11_55; Prevotella: C6_59; RC9: C7_26; RUG472: G4_308; RUG740: M9_208; UBA1777: C5_192, C6_77, C7_25, C7_99, OC1_56; UBA2866: M9_188). Ruminococcus, Prevotella, and RC9 genera were the main microbial taxa in rumen, according to earlier research, and these genera were linked to the concentration of SCFAs in distinct digestive tracts [42][43][44][45] . Despite the fact that some of these MAGs and genus have not been studied recently, the correlation analysis in this work and the linked genes derived from MAGs may be utilized as evidence for synthesizing SCFAs in the rumen and RUSITEC.…”

Starch Microspheres Entrapped with Chitosan Delay In Vitro Fecal Fermentation and Regulate Human Gut Microbiota Composition

“…Owing to their butyrate-producing capacity among others, both Roseburia and Faecalibacterium are considered beneficial gut microbes linked with protection against colon-related diseases. − FOS and starch fermentation were linked to an increase of Prevotella ASV1. Prevotella are associated with the long-term consumption of fiber-rich diets and have the capacity to produce acetate and propionate via the succinate pathway. − Moreover, starch stimulated Faecalibacterium ASV7. The observed strong taxon–substrate associations contributed to a clear segregation of FOS and starch controls versus microspheres along the first principal component, explaining 78.9% of the microbial community variation.…”