Prevotella genus and its related NOD-like receptor signaling pathway in young males with stage III periodontitis

Abstract

BackgroundAs periodontitis progresses, the oral microbiota community changes dynamically. In this study, we evaluated the dominant bacteria and their roles in the potential pathway in young males with stage III periodontitis.Methods16S rRNA sequencing was performed to evaluate variations in the composition of oral bacteria between males with stage I and III periodontitis and identify the dominant bacteria of each group. Function prediction was obtained based on 16S rRNA sequencing data. The inhibitor of the predominant pathway for stage III periodontitis was used to investigate the role of the dominant bacteria in periodontitis in vivo and in vitro.ResultsChao1 index, Observed Species and Phylogenetic Diversity (PD) whole tree values were significantly higher in the stage III periodontitis group. β-diversity suggested that samples could be divided according to the stages of periodontitis. The dominant bacteria in stage III periodontitis were Prevotella, Prevotella_7, and Dialister, whereas that in stage I periodontitis was Cardiobacterium. KEGG analysis predicted that variations in the oral microbiome may be related to the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. The inhibitor of this pathway, NOD-IN-1, decreased P. intermedia -induced Tnf-α mRNA expression and increased P. intermedia -induced Il-6 mRNA expression, consistent with the ELISA results. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the down-regulation of TNF-α and IL-6 expressions by NOD-IN-1 in P. intermedia–induced periodontitis.ConclusionThe composition of the oral bacteria in young males varied according to the stage of periodontitis. The species richness of oral microtia was greater in young males with stage III periodontitis than those with stage I periodontitis. Prevotella was the dominant bacteria in young males with stage III periodontitis, and inhibition of the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway can decrease the periodontal inflammation induced by P. intermedia.

Association of F. alocis and D. pneumosintes with Periodontitis Disease Severity and Red Complex Bacteria

“…In our study, D. pneumosintes was detected more frequently in P subjects than in H subjects (p-value < 0.001). The results of our study are aligned with evidence from previous investigations of D. pneumosintes being associated with the oral microbiota of young adults and with advanced periodontal destruction [23][24][25]. A study by Ayala Herrera et al, in 2019, found that both F. alocis and D. pneumosintes were detected at higher frequencies (80% and 66.66%, respectively) in the Mexican population [47].…”

“…This study observed a significant association between clinical attachment loss and the presence of F. alocis and D. pneumosintes. The results of the study confirm the data from previous studies that have reported an increased prevalence of these bacteria with increased probing depths, higher clinical attachment loss, and increased disease severity [22,25,29,46,[55][56][57]. The F. alocis genotype, which has an enhanced virulence, is found to be significantly associated with increased probing depths and progressive attachment loss [56,58].…”

“…Similar to F. alocis, Dialister pneumosintes (D. pneumosintes) is an obligate anaerobic bacterium that was first isolated from the nasopharynx during the flu epidemic [21]. D. pneumosintes has been isolated from the oral biofilm and is known to cause gingivitis, periodontitis, and other local infections [22][23][24][25][26]. Among the virulence characteristics, lipopolysaccharides in the cell wall of D. pneumosintes may be the most important as they trigger the release of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases, leading to periodontal tissue and alveolar bone destruction [27].…”

“…Among the virulence characteristics, lipopolysaccharides in the cell wall of D. pneumosintes may be the most important as they trigger the release of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases, leading to periodontal tissue and alveolar bone destruction [27]. The relationship between D. pneumosintes occurrence and the development of oral disease, its detection in young males and patients with severe periodontitis, its correlation with the pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, and active disease sites, suggests its role in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease [22][23][24][25]28]. D. pneumosintes's association with other putative periodontal pathogens, such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, has also been correlated with the prevalence of severe periodontitis [29].…”

Oral microbiota and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a review of their relation and carcinogenic mechanisms

“…Prevotella , a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, plays a significant role in the microbial ecosystem of the oral cavity ( 76 ). These non-motile, single-celled organisms flourish under anaerobic growth conditions ( 77 ).…”