Previous international experience, cross‐cultural training, and expatriates' cross‐cultural adjustment: Effects of cultural intelligence and goal orientation
Abstract:Although various antecedents of expatriates' cross‐cultural adjustment have been addressed, previous international experience, predeparture cross‐cultural training, and cultural intelligence (CQ) have been most frequently examined. However, there are few attempts that explore the effects of these antecedents simultaneously or consider the possible influencing variables that can impact cross‐cultural adjustment. In addition, empirical findings on the effects of these antecedents are somewhat mixed. Hence, there… Show more
“…Overall CQ mediated the positive relationship of prior intercultural contact with international leadership potential; these mediation effects applied for majorities but not for minorities. Moon, Choi, & Jung (2012) Cross-cultural experience, Pre-departure training Openness to experience Job satisfaction Overall CQ fully mediated the positive relationship between openness to experience and job satisfaction. Hu et al (2017) Intercultural experience…”
Cultural intelligence (CQ), the capability by which expatriates, managers, and others involved in cross-cultural interactions function effectively in a globalized world, was introduced in 2003 and has garnered wide attention recently. In this paper, we present a detailed and up-to-date review of 142 empirical articles in the CQ research field. We first examine the concept of CQ, including its definition, structure, measurement, and validity. We then review the vast number of empirical studies that investigate the antecedents, development, direct and indirect effects, moderating effects, and aggregated effects of CQ, as well as qualitative studies. The analysis shows several issues that likely will be relevant to the research debate in the near future. These issues include investigations of (1) whether cultural intelligence is universal or culture-specific, (2) why objective measures that assess CQ are lacking, (3) to what extent a person can develop cultural intelligence, (4) to what extent there are dark sides to cultural intelligence, and (5) the role cultural intelligence plays as a predictor of individual and group performance. Addressing these questions may help us reveal the true potential of CQ in contemporary organizations and thus, affirm that the promise of CQ is more than just hype.
“…Overall CQ mediated the positive relationship of prior intercultural contact with international leadership potential; these mediation effects applied for majorities but not for minorities. Moon, Choi, & Jung (2012) Cross-cultural experience, Pre-departure training Openness to experience Job satisfaction Overall CQ fully mediated the positive relationship between openness to experience and job satisfaction. Hu et al (2017) Intercultural experience…”
Cultural intelligence (CQ), the capability by which expatriates, managers, and others involved in cross-cultural interactions function effectively in a globalized world, was introduced in 2003 and has garnered wide attention recently. In this paper, we present a detailed and up-to-date review of 142 empirical articles in the CQ research field. We first examine the concept of CQ, including its definition, structure, measurement, and validity. We then review the vast number of empirical studies that investigate the antecedents, development, direct and indirect effects, moderating effects, and aggregated effects of CQ, as well as qualitative studies. The analysis shows several issues that likely will be relevant to the research debate in the near future. These issues include investigations of (1) whether cultural intelligence is universal or culture-specific, (2) why objective measures that assess CQ are lacking, (3) to what extent a person can develop cultural intelligence, (4) to what extent there are dark sides to cultural intelligence, and (5) the role cultural intelligence plays as a predictor of individual and group performance. Addressing these questions may help us reveal the true potential of CQ in contemporary organizations and thus, affirm that the promise of CQ is more than just hype.
“…Culturally intelligent individuals show greater perseverance in tough situations, as well as higher levels of stamina and productivity. In addition, individuals with high CQ can adjust more easily to uncertain, complex and shifting work demands which are typically encountered in intercultural situations (e.g., working in multi-cultural team) (Guomundsdottir, 2015;Lin et al, 2012;Malek and Budhwar, 2013;Moon et al, 2012;Tay et al, 2015;Tuleja, 2017).…”
This paper provides an overview of the empirical research on cultural intelligence, with a special focus on discussing key practical benefits to individuals, teams and organizations. The importance of cultural intelligence training is also highlighted.
“…International non-work (i.e. leisure) experience was positively related to each of the CQ dimensions, whilst international work experience shared a positive association with only metacognitive and cognitive CQ (Moon et al, 2012).…”
Section: Theme 4: International Experience and Exposure Progress Cultmentioning
confidence: 91%
“…Whilst the extensiveness of cross-cultural training had a positive effect on each of the CQ dimensions, only cognitive CQ was positively influenced by the duration of the training (Moon, Choi & Jung, 2012).…”
Section: Theme 2: Cross-cultural Training and Experiential Learning Smentioning
Orientation: To identify and report on cultural intelligence truths.Research purpose: To explore cultural intelligence truths by means of a systematic review of the cultural intelligence literature.Motivation for the study: Cultural intelligence truths must be systemised if the business and academic communities are to derive optimal value from the diverse knowledge base.Research design, approach and method: The research was qualitative in nature, comprising a systematic literature review. The period covered was from 01 January 2002 to 31 May 2015. The final number of included studies was 76, representing 48 different journals. Cultural intelligence hypotheses were identified and thematically categorised. Validated hypotheses constituted truths (i.e. truth statements). Key findings are both reported and commented on.Main findings: Cultural intelligence hypotheses may be classified into 13 separate themes plus a ‘not categorised’ group. In total, 60% of the hypotheses on cultural intelligence have given rise to truth statements. Accordingly, there remains some divide between theorised cultural intelligence relationships and how these have played out under empirical investigation.Practical managerial/implications: Business professionals will find it easier to consume the cultural intelligence literature, thereby facilitating their understanding of how best to leverage the knowledge in equipping the workforce to function optimally in cross-cultural interfaces. Scholars will be better positioned to tailor the focus and structure of cultural intelligence studies going forward.Contribution: Cultural intelligence truths have been systematically identified, organised and reported on.
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