Previous Exposure to Trauma and PTSD Effects of Subsequent Trauma: Results From the Detroit Area Survey of Trauma

Breslau, Naomi; Chilcoat, Howard D.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Davis, George C.

doi:10.1176/ajp.156.6.902

Cited by 771 publications

(590 citation statements)

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“…While adversity is often negatively related to well-being (Breslau et al 1999;Turner and Lloyd 1995), recent evidence suggests that adversity may also foster resilience, i.e., individuals who experience moderate adversity may be better able to cope with stressful situations or failure and, therefore, report higher well-being (Seery et al 2010;Seery, et al 2013). By experiencing the negative consequences of ADHD from early childhood, those individuals may develop a higher resistance to failure as well as ways to cope with adversity and achieve success against significant odds (Wilmshurst et al 2011).…”

Section: Adhd-like Behavior and The Work Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

ADHD-like behavior and entrepreneurial intentions

et al. 2015

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Little is known about the relation between entrepreneurship and the extent of psychiatric symptoms. Validated psychiatric symptom scores are seldom used for non-clinical reasons. One prevalent symptom that deserves our interest is Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a developmental disorder characterized by inattentiveness and hyperactivity that has been linked to occupational choice and performance. Building on the person-environment fit literature, we hypothesize that individuals who exhibit behavior associated with ADHD are more likely to have entrepreneurial intentions. Using a sample of 10,104 students enrolled in higher education, we can confirm our prediction that students with a higher level of ADHD-like behavior are more likely to have entrepreneurial intentions. Additionally, we show that risk taking propensity is a mediator that partly explains this positive effect. Our study points to the importance of behavioral tendencies associated with developmental disorders, when making entrepreneurship decisions. Our study contributes to the literature on the determinants of entrepreneurship, which so far has largely neglected the effects of psychiatric symptoms on entrepreneurship.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article

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Section: Adhd-like Behavior and The Work Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

ADHD-like behavior and entrepreneurial intentions

et al. 2015

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“…Number of lifetime traumas may be an important confounder between the relationship between PTSD and chronic medical conditions since 1) individuals with PTSD are more likely to have experienced multiple traumatic events in their lifetime (Breslau, Chilcoat, Kessler, & Davis, 1999;Brewin, Andrews, & Valentine, 2000;Scott, 2007) and 2) multiple lifetime traumatic events have been related to chronic medical conditions (Cloitre et al, 2001;Dong et al, 2003;Dong et al, 2004;Felitti et al, 1998). The present study sought to extend prior research by using data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) (Kessler & Merikangas, 2004) to examine the relationship between number of lifetime traumas, PTSD and fifteen self-reported chronic medical conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Does number of lifetime traumas explain the relationship between PTSD and chronic medical conditions? Answers from the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication (NCS-R)

2008

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The present study sought to extend prior research by using data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) to examine the relationship between number of lifetime traumas, PTSD and fifteen self-reported chronic medical conditions. The goal was to determine whether the commonly found relationship between PTSD symptomatology and physical health were better explained by the number of lifetime traumas experienced. The NCS-R is a representative U.S. household survey that assessed lifetime experience of a variety of traumas, lifetime diagnosis of PTSD and fifteen chronic medical conditions (e.g. pain conditions, cardiovascular disorders, etc.). Two major findings emerged: 1) there was a graded relationship between trauma exposure, PTSD, and the majority of chronic medical conditions where individuals with PTSD had the highest likelihood of chronic medical condition and non-traumatized individuals had the lowest risk and; 2) with the exception of headaches, the relationship between PTSD and chronic medical conditions was explained by the number of lifetime traumas experienced when analyses were subset to traumatized individuals. The present study supports prior research suggesting that multiple traumas have a cumulative effect on physical health. The impact of trauma on health may be independent of PTSD symptomatology. Keywords trauma; PTSD; chronic medical conditions; National Comorbidity Survey-Replication Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects 6.8% to 7.8% of the U.S. population during their lifetime (Cox, 2002;Kessler, Berglund, Demler, Jin, & Walters, 2005) and is recognized as an expensive form of psychiatric disability (Marciniak, Lage, Dunayevich, Russell, Bowman, Landbloom et al., 2005;Walker, Katon, Russo, Ciechanowski, Newman, & Wagner, 2003). According to one estimate, the annual cost of anxiety disorders in the U.S. was approximately $42.3 billion in mental and physical health services, with PTSD ranking as the highest in terms of per person health care expenditures (Greenberg, Sisitsky, Kessler, Finkelstein, Berndt, Davidson et al., 1999). Further, the majority of the economic burden (54%) is due to direct nonpsychiatric health care costs such as primary care and emergency room visits (Greenberg et al., 1999). Numerous studies have shown a consistent association between PTSD and both self-reported measures of physical health such as chronic pain, back problems and general physical complaints (Asmundson, Coons, Taylor, & Katz, 2002;Beckham, Crawford, Feldman, Kirby, Hertzberg, Davidson et al., 1997;McWilliams, Cox, & Enns, 2003; RoyByrne, Smith, Goldberg, Afari, & Buchwald, 2004 Goldberg, 2006;Vedantham, Brunet, Boyer, Weiss, Metzler, & Marmar, 2001;Wagner, Wolfe, Rotnitsky, Proctor, & Erickson, 2000;Wolfe, Schnurr, Brown, & Furey, 1994;Zoellner, Goodwin, & Foa, 2000) as well as a range of physician-diagnosed disorders such as cardiovascular/circulatory, autoimmune, musculoskeletal, digestive and respiratory disorders (Boscarino, 1997(Boscarino, , 2004Goodwin & Davidson, 2005;Ka...

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“…Initial symptom severity and prior mental illness can be strong risk factors for later PTSD (Brewin et al, 2000; Ozer et al, 2003). Furthermore, epidemiological studies also reported higher prevalence of PTSD in women, in people living in areas with high community violence, and in victims of interpersonal trauma (Breslau, Chilcoat, Kessler, & Davis, 1999; Breslau et al, 1998; Goldmann et al, 2011; McLean, Asnaani, Litz, & Hofmann, 2011). These population factors, as well as sample sizes and assessment time, may all have contributed to differential PTSD prevalences between studies (Matsuoka, Nishi, Yonemoto, Nakajima, & Kim, 2009b; O’Donnell, Creamer, Bryant, Schnyder, & Shalev, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of data pooling to longitudinal studies of early post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): the International Consortium to Predict PTSD (ICPP) project

Ratanatharathorn

Gevonden

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Understanding the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a precondition for efficient risk assessment and prevention planning. Studies to date have been site and sample specific. Towards developing generalizable models of PTSD development and prediction, the International Consortium to Predict PTSD (ICPP) compiled data from 13 longitudinal, acute-care based PTSD studies performed in six different countries.Objective: The objectives of this study were to describe the ICPP’s approach to data pooling and harmonization, and present cross-study descriptive results informing the longitudinal course of PTSD after acute trauma.Methods: Item-level data from 13 longitudinal studies of adult civilian trauma survivors were collected. Constructs (e.g. PTSD, depression), measures (questions or scales), and time variables (days from trauma) were identified and harmonized, and those with inconsistent coding (e.g. education, lifetime trauma exposure) were recoded. Administered in 11 studies, the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) emerged as the main measure of PTSD diagnosis and severity.Results: The pooled data set included 6254 subjects (39.9% female). Studies’ average retention rate was 87.0% (range 49.1–93.5%). Participants’ baseline assessments took place within 2 months of trauma exposure. Follow-up durations ranged from 188 to 1110 days. Reflecting studies’ inclusion criteria, the prevalence of baseline PTSD differed significantly between studies (range 3.1–61.6%), and similar differences were observed in subsequent assessments (4.3–38.2% and 3.8–27.0% for second and third assessments, respectively).Conclusion: Pooling data from independently collected studies requires careful curation of individual data sets for extracting and optimizing informative commonalities. However, it is an important step towards developing robust and generalizable prediction models for PTSD and can exceed findings of single studies. The large differences in prevalence of PTSD longitudinally cautions against using any individual study to infer trauma outcome. The multiplicity of instruments used in individual studies emphasizes the need for common data elements in future studies.

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Previous Exposure to Trauma and PTSD Effects of Subsequent Trauma: Results From the Detroit Area Survey of Trauma

Cited by 771 publications

References 30 publications

ADHD-like behavior and entrepreneurial intentions

ADHD-like behavior and entrepreneurial intentions

Does number of lifetime traumas explain the relationship between PTSD and chronic medical conditions? Answers from the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication (NCS-R)

Application of data pooling to longitudinal studies of early post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): the International Consortium to Predict PTSD (ICPP) project

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