Previous exposure mediates the response of eelgrass to future warming via clonal transgenerational plasticity

DuBois, Katherine; Williams, Susan L.; Stachowicz, John J.

doi:10.1002/ecy.3169

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Here, we showed that elevated temperatures in the fall can intensify the damaging effects of grazing disturbance in the winter. Consistent with previous findings, warming and clipping independently reduced the density and biomass of Zostera assemblages ( warming : DuBois et al., 2020; Kim et al., 2020; Moreno‐Marín et al., 2018; Reynolds et al., 2016; clipping : Hughes, 2006; N.M. Kollars & J.J. Stachowicz, unpubl. data; Ruesink et al., 2012), but these reductions were more severe when the assemblages experienced both disturbance types (Figure 1, Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Warming × clipping interaction: F = 3.6, p = 0.07 elevated temperatures in the fall can intensify the damaging effects of grazing disturbance in the winter. Consistent with previous findings, warming and clipping independently reduced the density and biomass of Zostera assemblages (warming: DuBois et al, 2020;Kim et al, 2020;Moreno-Marín et al, 2018;Reynolds et al, 2016;clipping: Hughes, 2006;N.M. Kollars & J.J. Stachowicz, unpubl.…”

Section: F I G U R Esupporting

confidence: 89%

“…We hypothesize that warming and clipping interact such that warming reduces the plant's tolerance to clipping via physiological effects on below‐ground (storage) resources. Warming often causes plants to increase allocation to above‐ground production at the cost of below‐ground biomass to compensate for increased respiration rates (in seagrass: Clausen et al., 2014; Dubois et al., 2020; reviewed for plants more generally in Lin et al., 2010). Consequently, warming of Zostera reduces rhizome elongation (Reynolds et al., 2016) and carbon storage (Moreno‐Marín et al., 2018) and warming events that immediately precede winter light limitation may intensify these reductions (Moreno‐Marín et al., 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the first part of the experiment, we grew the plants in 20 outdoor flow‐through seawater tanks (60 cm L × 30 cm W × 60 cm H; a volume of 113 L; flow rate approximately 60 L/hr) at the Bodega Marine Laboratory (see also DuBois et al., 2020; Reynolds et al., 2016). In all, 10 tanks received seawater at ambient temperature and 10 received seawater passed through a sump tank with titanium heaters (Process Technologies 1000W immersion heaters).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…‘warm blob’) in the NE Pacific (Gentemann et al., 2017) exposed Zostera populations in Bodega Harbor, CA to temperature anomalies between 2°C and 4°C above the climatic mean (Sanford et al., 2019). Experimental mesocosms simulating this warming event revealed that the negative effects of warming events on Zostera productivity are often delayed and prolonged (Reynolds et al., 2016), individual genotypes vary in their sensitivity to warming (DuBois et al., 2019; Reynolds et al., 2016), the relative performance of genotypes shifts after warming events (DuBois et al., 2019), and warming can alter Zostera morphology with transgenerational consequences to clonal offspring (DuBois et al., 2020). Seasonal, but less extreme, warming occurs each year in late summer and early fall (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sequential disturbances alter the outcome of inter‐genotypic interactions in a clonal plant

2020

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Multiple disturbances can have contrasting or interactive effects on biodiversity. When disturbances result in reductions in abundance beyond the ability for a species to recover, regime shifts or local extinctions may result (reviewed in Buma, 2015; Paine et al., 1998; Turner, 2010). Disturbance can also affect diversity by reducing the average fitness differences between species, which reduces the impact of competition and delays (but does not prevent) exclusion (Chesson, 2000). However, the occurrence of multiple different types of disturbances can help promote the long-term coexistence of species if they create opportunities for niche differentiation in space or time (e.g. Chesson, 2000; Chesson & Huntly, 1997). This occurs if the different disturbances favour alternative ecological strategies such that the existence of multiple disturbances has a stabilizing effect on diversity (sensu Chesson, 2000), for example by creating a fluctuating environment in which no species is favoured for long enough to achieve

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: F I G U R Esupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sequential disturbances alter the outcome of inter‐genotypic interactions in a clonal plant

2020

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The role of short‐term temperature variability and light in shaping the phenology and characteristics of seagrass beds

Wong,

Dowd

2023

Ecosphere

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Seagrass beds inhabit highly heterogeneous temperature regimes that characterize the marine nearshore. Temperature directly influences seagrasses and also provides indirect information on other ecologically relevant environmental variables. Multiple temperature processes operate on seasonal and sub‐seasonal timescales (i.e., hours to months) and include variation from seasonal air–sea heat fluxes, advective heat transport from upwelling and tidal circulation, and daily heating and cooling of shallow waters. Despite this, seagrass–temperature studies typically only examine a single isolated temperature process, often seasonal heating/cooling or marine heatwaves. Furthermore, elucidation of relationships between different short‐term temperature processes and seagrass metrics could provide insights into biologically relevant temperature metrics for seagrasses. Here, we examine the effects of multiple short‐term temperature processes on Zostera marina beds in Atlantic Canada, by describing the seasonal phenology of bed characteristics, plant morphology, and physiology across different temperature regimes and by identifying relationships between different temperature and seagrass metrics. We also include water depth as a proxy for light availability. Four distinct short‐term temperature processes (median temperature, growing degree day [heat accumulation], daily temperature range, and time in the optimal temperature range [5–23°C]) were used to categorize temperature regimes across our study sites as warm and highly variable, or cool and less variable. We found that both temperature regime and light availability were important for leaf area index (LAI) and shoot density, which both decreased with increasing depth yet had the strongest seasonal differences and maximum rates of increase (shoot density) or lowest values and maximum rates of decrease (LAI) in warm and highly variable temperature regimes. These temperature regimes were also associated with seasonal patterns in number of leaves, reduced leaf lengths and number of leaves per shoot, and thinner rhizomes with less carbohydrate storage. Generalized additive models (GAMs) for each seagrass metric using the four temperature processes indicated that while median temperature displayed expected relationships with almost every seagrass metric, inclusion of other temperature processes revealed additional insights not evident from median temperature alone. Our study shows that different sources of short‐term temperature variation influence seagrass properties and that accounting for these will improve our understanding of the temperature–seagrass interaction.

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The effect of warming on seagrass wasting disease depends on host genotypic identity and diversity

Schenck

DuBois

Kardish

et al. 2023

Ecology

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Temperature increases due to climate change have affected the distribution and severity of diseases in natural systems, causing outbreaks that can destroy host populations. Host identity, diversity, and the associated microbiome can affect host responses to both infection and temperature, but little is known about how they could function as important mediators of disease in altered thermal environments. We conducted an 8‐week warming experiment to test the independent and interactive effects of warming, host genotypic identity, and host genotypic diversity on the prevalence and intensity of infections of seagrass (Zostera marina) by the wasting disease parasite (Labyrinthula zosterae). At elevated temperatures, we found that genotypically diverse host assemblages had reduced infection intensity, but not reduced prevalence, relative to less diverse assemblages. This dilution effect on parasite intensity was the result of both host composition effects as well as emergent properties of biodiversity. In contrast with the benefits of genotypic diversity under warming, diversity actually increased parasite intensity slightly in ambient temperatures. We found mixed support for the hypothesis that a growth–defense trade‐off contributed to elevated disease intensity under warming. Changes in the abundance (but not composition) of a few taxa in the host microbiome were correlated with genotype‐specific responses to wasting disease infections under warming, consistent with the emerging evidence linking changes in the host microbiome to the outcome of host–parasite interactions. This work emphasizes the context dependence of biodiversity–disease relationships and highlights the potential importance of interactions among biodiversity loss, climate change, and disease outbreaks in a key foundation species.

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Previous exposure mediates the response of eelgrass to future warming via clonal transgenerational plasticity

Cited by 25 publications

References 76 publications

Sequential disturbances alter the outcome of inter‐genotypic interactions in a clonal plant

Sequential disturbances alter the outcome of inter‐genotypic interactions in a clonal plant

The role of short‐term temperature variability and light in shaping the phenology and characteristics of seagrass beds

The effect of warming on seagrass wasting disease depends on host genotypic identity and diversity

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