Preventive strategies aimed at reducing the health risks of Aflatoxin B1

Valencia-Quintana, Rafael; Sánchez-Alarcón, Juana; Tenorio, María Guadalupe; Deng, Youjun; Waliszewski, Stefan M.; Valera, Miguel Ángel

doi:10.1007/s13530-012-0119-4

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The synergistic of AFB1 with hepatitis B virus potentially increase the risk of liver cancer [5][6][7]. Aflatoxin also correlated with the impaired growth, stunting, and kwashiorkor of children [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Fresh Milk and Its Possible Effects to Public Health

Maryam¹,

Widiyanti²,

Dalilah³

2023

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference for Health Research – BRIN (ICHR 2022)

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Aflatoxins are group of mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus sp., which is commonly found in agricultural products. Aflatoxins have carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and immunosuppressive properties for humans and animals. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic type of aflatoxins in nature compared to the others, such as AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a hydroxylated product of AFB, which commonly occurs in milk. Although AFM1 toxicity is lower than AFB1, the risks have been a global concern, particularly for children. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of AFM1 in fresh milk and to evaluate the risks to public health. Fresh milk samples (n = 52) were collected from Magelang and Wonosobo, Central Java. Samples were extracted and cleaned up on SPE cartridges. The AFM1 was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a reversed-phase C18 column under fluorescence detection. The results indicated that the samples contained AFM1 and AFM2 metabolites, as well as AFB1 as the parent compound. AFM1 was detected in 38 samples out of 52 samples (73.1%) and 26 of the positive samples (68.4%) were above the maximum residue limit regulated by FAO (0.5 ng/mL). The concentration of AFM1 in the positive samples ranged between 0.003 ng/mL to 34.202 ng/mL, with an average of 5.061 ng/mL. Apart from AFM1, 2 samples contained AFM2 metabolites (3.8%) and 22 samples contained AFB1 (42.3%) as the parent compound with averaged concentrations of 0.267 ng/mL and 0.032 ng/mL, respectively. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that most of the samples were contaminated by AFM1 and posed health risks to humans, especially children who are more susceptible to aflatoxin toxicity. It is also a concern that the immunosuppressive properties of AFM1 and AFB1 may lead to an increase in sensitivity to infectious diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Fresh Milk and Its Possible Effects to Public Health

Maryam¹,

Widiyanti²,

Dalilah³

2023

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference for Health Research – BRIN (ICHR 2022)

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“…Henceforth, the trials that produced adverse outcomes indicate that further study is needed to comprehend the complex mechanism of preventing AF contamination in field crops [141]. Surprisingly, the Bt Cry1Ab protein manifestation within the corn genotype did not increase AF resilience among developed testcrosses [142]. Nevertheless, the testing of attained hybrids against diverse insect stresses is yet to be conducted.…”

Section: Bt Cornmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin Biosynthesis, Genetic Regulation, Toxicity, and Control Strategies: A Review

Khan

Ghazali

Mahyudin

et al. 2021

JoF

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Aflatoxins (AFs) are highly toxic and cancer-causing compounds, predominantly synthesized by the Aspergillus species. AFs biosynthesis is a lengthy process that requires as minimum as 30 genes grouped inside 75 kilobytes (kB) of gene clusters, which are regulated by specific transcription factors, including aflR, aflS, and some general transcription factors. This paper summarizes the status of research on characterizing structural and regulatory genes associated with AF production and their roles in aflatoxigenic fungi, particularly Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, and enhances the current understanding of AFs that adversely affect humans and animals with a great emphasis on toxicity and preventive methods.

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“…The improvements in exposure assessment in epidemiological studies and the demonstration of a specific mutation in the TP53 gene have contributed significantly to the identification of aflatoxins as human carcinogens. In addition, the studies of animal and human aflatoxin metabolism have provided opportunities to develop chemoprevention approaches in human populations (Wild and Turner, 2002 ; Valencia-Quintana et al, 2012 ). These findings stimulated extensive research efforts, which continue to the present, to assess potential health hazards resulting from contamination of the human food supply and to minimize exposure (Kensler et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microRNAs as potential biomarkers for predicting the onset of aflatoxin exposure in human beings: a review

et al. 2014

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The identification of aflatoxins as human carcinogens has stimulated extensive research efforts, which continue to the present, to assess potential health hazards resulting from contamination of the human food supply and to minimize exposure. The use of biomarkers that are mechanistically supported by toxicological studies will be important tools for identifying stages in the progression of development of the health effects of environmental agents. miRNAs are small non-coding mRNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression. Also, they are molecular markers of cellular responses to various chemical agents. Growing evidence has demonstrated that environmental chemicals can induce changes in miRNA expression. miRNAs are good biomarkers because they are well defined, chemically uniform, restricted to a manageable number of species, and stable in cells and in the circulation. miRNAs have been used as serological markers of HCC and other tumors. The expression patterns of different miRNAs can distinguish among HCC-hepatitis viruses related, HCC cirrhosis-derivate, and HCC unrelated to either of them. The main objective of this review is to find unreported miRNAs in HCC related to other causes, so that they can be used as specific molecular biomarkers in populations exposed to aflatoxins and as early markers of exposure, damage/presence of HCC. Until today specific miRNAs as markers for aflatoxins-exposure and their reliability are currently lacking. Based on their elucidated mechanisms of action, potential miRNAs that could serve as possible markers of HCC by exposure to aflatoxins are miR-27a, miR-27b, miR-122, miR-148, miR-155, miR-192, miR-214, miR-221, miR-429, and miR-500. Future validation for all of these miRNAs will be needed to assess their prognostic significance and confirm their relationship with the induction of HCC due to aflatoxin exposure.

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Preventive strategies aimed at reducing the health risks of Aflatoxin B1

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

The Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Fresh Milk and Its Possible Effects to Public Health

The Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Fresh Milk and Its Possible Effects to Public Health

Aflatoxin Biosynthesis, Genetic Regulation, Toxicity, and Control Strategies: A Review

The microRNAs as potential biomarkers for predicting the onset of aflatoxin exposure in human beings: a review

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