Preventive Mechanism, Therapeutic Property,Pharmacokinetics And Benefitsof Asiatic Acid - A Triterpenoid Of Centella Asiatica In Alzheimer Disease: An In-Depth Review

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains the most prevalent form of age-related dementia worldwide, and it has no cure. Memory loss, difficulty communicating, depression, agitation, mood swings, and psychosis all develop gradually in this disorder. Reduced physical activity, infection, smoking, and the prevalence of diseases like obesity and diabetes all pose a risk for the development of AD. Current synthetic medications only alleviate symptoms by targeting a single molecule, so they can't deal with the complex pathogenesis of AD. The scientific community is actively working to characterise therapeutic agents derived from plants that have shown promise in the literature in treating AD due to their perceived efficacy, safety, and availability. Traditional Chinese medicine includes the use of the plant Centella asiatica for its purported benefits to cognitive performance and memory. Pentacyclic triterpenes are largely responsible for its therapeutic and medicinal effects, which include accelerated enhanced memory. These pentacyclic triterpenoids are asiaticoside and madecassoside as saponins and their aglycones, asiatic acids and madecassic acids. Amongst other triterpenoid Asiatic acid has several therapeutic properties against AD like anti-cholinesterase, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory. This review focused on the pathophysiology of AD followed by a detailed account on Asiatic acid and the research findings to date related to its mechanism of action on AD, advantage over other two terpenoid, BBB permeability, Pharmacokinetic, molecular docking and different therapeutic activities.

Potensi Pegagan (Centella asiatica) Sebagai Pengobatan Alzheimer

“…Kerentanan jaringan tubuh terhadap kerusakan oksidatif bervariasi, tetapi jaringan otak dianggap lebih rentan terhadap stres oksidatif karena kaya akan kandungan lipid dan tingkat metabolisme oksidatif yang tinggi. [14] Peningkatan ROS akan mempengaruhi protein prekursor amyloid (APP) yang selanjutnya meningkatkan produksi oligomer Amiloid-β (Aβ) [15], dimana akumulasi oligomer Aβ yang dianggap neurotoksik akan membentuk plak amyloid yang yang merupakan penyebab Alzheimer.…”

“…Aktivitas AChE yang tinggi secara tidak normal menghasilkan penurunan konsentrasi ACh di otak yang mengarah ke keadaan defisit kolinergik yang berkontribusi pada perkembangan dan perkembangan AD. [15] Peran asam asiatik sebagai penghambat anti-AChE diselidiki dalam kultur sel hipokampus di mana asam asiatik diaplikasikan pada kultur sel diikuti dengan analisis aktivitas AChE dan kemungkinan toksisitas asam asiatik. Studi ini melaporkan asam asiatik sebagai penghambat AChE yang efektif tanpa efek samping toksik pada kultur sel hipokampus.…”