Preventive Effects of Oligomerized Polyphenol on Estradiol-Induced Prostatitis in Rats

Abstract

PurposeChronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS, NIH category III) accounts for 90-95% of prostatitis cases. However, standard treatment has not yet been established. It is known that polyphenols have an inhibitory effect on inflammation by their antioxidative capacity, and oligonol, a polyphenol derivative, has much higher bioavailability and bioactivity than common polyphenols. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of oligonol in estradiol-induced prostatitis rat models.Materials and MethodsProstatitis was induced by 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in Wistar male rats (n = 20). Ten rats were placed in the oligonol-treated group and 10 in the E2 + DHT-treated group. The other 10 rats were also included as normal control group. Oligonol (60 mg/kg/day) was administered via gavage tube for 4 weeks. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were quantified, and phosphorylation of IκBa and histological changes were also evaluated in prostatic tissue.ResultsThe SOD and GPx activity showed tendencies to increase in the oligonol-treated group compared to the normal control group. TNF-α expression was slightly reduced in the oligonol-treated group. Western blotting demonstrated that phosphorylation of IκBa in the oligonol-treated group was significantly lower than in the normal control group. The E2 + DHT-treated group revealed severe atrophy of acinar epithelial cells and infiltration of leukocytes and lymphocytes in the prostate, however, the oligonol-treated group showed overall reduction in inflammatory features.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that oligonol improves estradiol-induced non-bacterial prostatitis by regulating phosphorylation of IκBa. These findings suggest that oligonol has a beneficial effect on prevention and treatment of CP/CPPS.

Biofilms in chronic bacterial prostatitis (NIH-II) and in prostatic calcifications

“…There is a sort of quiescent period, a sort of ‘hibernation’, when the environment becomes adverse to and difficult for bacterial existence. The presence of focal sites of bacterial persistence can be postulated by areas of inflammation with subsequent lymphocyte invasion and infiltration of plasma cells and macrophages; this has been proved in both nonbacterial (Liu et al , 2008; Kim et al , 2009) and bacterial prostatitis (Matsumoto et al , 1992). It appears that the persistence of bacteria in the prostate gland in these focal biofilms leads to persistent immunologic stimulation and subsequent chronic inflammation.…”

Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Thymoquinone in an Acute <b><i>Pseudomonas</i></b> Prostatitis Rat Model

“…In a rat estradiol-induced chronic prostatitis model, SOD and GPX activity in prostate tissue were found to be decreased [25]. In a human study, Lou et al [26] also reported that CAT and SOD activity decreased in the patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis.…”

“…Several clinical and experimental prostatitis studies showed increased MDA levels [25,26,27,28,29,30]. Nelson et al [11] showed that the acute stage of Pseudomonas prostatitis infection was markedly determined on the second day.…”

Plant polyphenolic compounds as potential antimicrobial drugs

“…These results appear quite encouraging but, nevertheless, most of them resulted from in vitro research, whilst clinical outcomes following the administration of polyphenolic substances are rarely reported in the literature, due to the many problems related to cultivar variability, chemical extraction and plant polyphenol content. The main problem when using a phenolic derivative that proves to have high antimicrobial efficacy in vitro and/or in animal models (Kim et al, 2009) concerns its metabolic route in the organism, including its interaction with the gut microflora. The main interest in research is to highlight or clarify the role of plant polyphenols as potential immunoregulatory drugs, namely that their main action lies in the role that they play in the immune system and inflammation (by affecting signalling pathways strategic in immune and inflammatory responses), rather than them having a direct antibacterial or antimicrobial potential.…”