Preventive Effect of Probiotics and α-Tocopherol on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats

Abstract

The protective effect of a probiotic mixture of 13 different bacteria and α-tocopherol on 98% ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury was evaluated. Levels of gastric mucosal pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, malondialdehyde, and secretory immunglobulin A were measured. Rats were allocated into four groups: control, ethanol, probiotic, and α-tocopherol. The control and ethanol groups received skim milk for 14 days. Probiotic and α-tocopherol groups were administered probiotic mixture suspended in skim milk and 100 mg/kg α-tocopherol, respectively, by daily gavage for 14 days. On Day 15, gastric lesions were induced by administration of ethanol 98% (1 mL) to all rats except those in the control group. Probiotic, but not α-tocopherol, seemed to inhibit ethanol-induced gastric mucosal tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin-2 production (P > .05). Ethanol caused the elevation of mucosal interleukin-4 level (compared to the control, P < .05). Probiotic pretreatment significantly suppressed the ethanol-induced increase of gastric mucosal interleukin-4 levels. Pretreatment with either probiotic or α-tocopherol inhibited the ethanol-induced increase of mucosal malondialdehyde concentration (P < .01 and P < .05, respectively). Probiotic pretreatment enhanced the gastric mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A concentration (P < .001). In conclusion, probiotic mixture and α-tocopherol reduced ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lipid peroxidation, suggesting that they may be beneficial for gastric lesions induced by lower ethanol concentration.

Vitamin E: A potential therapy for gastric mucosal injury

“…As previously mentioned, many other studies had also demonstrated the involvement of inflammation in the pathogenesis of gastric lesions. Many pro-inflammatory biomarkers have been identified in various models of gastric lesions (Oh et al, 2005;Senol et al, 2011). On one hand, interferon-g (IFN-g) was significantly elevated in rats subjected to water-immersion restraint with H. pylori infection but no elevation was seen in the group with H. pylori infection only.…”

“…It seems that IFN-g has a more important role in stress than TNF-a. In the ethanol-induced model, other than the two cytokines (IFN-g and TNF-a), interleukin-2 (IL2) and interleukin-4 (IL4) levels were also augmented (Senol et al, 2011). These cytokines have important roles in gastric inflammation (Oh et al, 2005).…”

Anti-Inflammatory and Gastroprotective Activities of C udrania Tricuspidata Leaf Extract Against Acute HCl/Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Sprague-Dawley Rats

“…Senol et al . () demonstrated that ethanol exposure tended to increase mucosal TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐2 and IL‐4. Park et al .…”

“…Production of proinflammatory cytokines by NF-κB activation can act as a positive autocrine amplification feedback signal to NF-κB activation as well as paracrine amplification, thereby causing amplification loops of inflammation (Coward et al 2002). Senol et al (2011) demonstrated that ethanol exposure tended to increase mucosal TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4. Park et al (2008) reported that ethanol ingestion increased the stimulation of IL-1β, IFN-γ and IL-10 in gastric mucosa compared with the controls.…”

Highlights in Probiotic Research

“…The results showed that the experimental rats infected with S. dysenteriae but not treated suffered from shigellosis, while the test groups infected and treated with the L. casei showed no sign of the disease as well as no clinical effect on the liver. Senol et al (2011a) investigated the protective effect of a probiotic mixture of 13 different bacteria and a-tocopherol on 98% ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury. Levels of gastric mucosal pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, malondialdehyde, and secretory immunglobulin A were measured.…”