Preventive Effect of 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl Alcohol (DHMBA) and Zinc, Components of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas, on Glutamatergic Neuron Activity in the Hippocampus

Abstract

The effects of 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (DHMBA), and zinc--both components of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas--were examined by glutamatergic neuron activity in rats in an in vivo microdialysis experiment and an in vitro brain slice experiment. The basal concentration of extracellular glutamate in the hippocampus was decreased under hippocampal perfusion with DHMBA (1 mmol l(-1)) or ZnCl2 (μmol l(-1)), indicating that DHMBA and Zn(2+) suppress glutamatergic neuron activity under basal (static) conditions. To assess the preventive effect of DHMBA and Zn(2+) on glutamate release from neuron terminals, brain slices were pretreated with DHMBA (1 mmol l(-1)) or ZnCl2 (100 nmol l(-1)) for 1 h, then stimulated with high K(+). A high, K(+)-induced increase in extracellular Zn(2+) level, an index of glutamate release, was suppressed with pretreatment with DHMBA or zinc. A high, K(+)-induced increase in intracellular Ca(2+) level was also suppressed with pretreatment with DHMBA or Zn(2+). These results suggest that DHMBA and Zn(2+), previously taken up in the hippocampal cells, suppress high, K(+)-induced glutamate release in the hippocampus, probably via presynaptic suppression of intracellular Ca(2+) signaling. It is likely that Zn(2+) and DHMBA play a preventive role in suppressing excess glutamatergic neuron activity in rats and mice.

In vitro and in vivo physiology of low nanomolar concentrations of Zn2+ in artificial cerebrospinal fluid

“…Zn 2+ -deficient ACSF has a negative impact on in vitro brain slice preparation and experiments. Hippocampal excitability is attenuated in brain slices pretreated with ACSF containing 20 nM ZnC1 2 for 1 h, compared with those pretreated with conventional ACSF without Zn 2+ 20 . An opposite effect on extracellular Zn 2+ is observed between in vitro and in vivo LTP induction; in vitro CA1 LTP is enhanced in hippocampal slices bathed in 5 μM ZnC1 2 21 22 , while in vivo CA1 LTP is attenuated under local perfusion of the recording region with 0.1–1 μM ZnCl 2 by using a recording electrode attached to a microdialysis probe 14 .…”

The marine factor 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol expresses the anti-inflammatory effects in mouse macrophages RAW264.7 cells in vitro

“…The novel phenolic antioxidant 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (DHMBA) has dual characteristics to weaken oxidative stress as radical scavenging in cells [12][13][14][15][16][17]. DHMBA may play a role in the regulation of cell function as an antioxidant [16,17].…”

“…The novel phenolic antioxidant 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (DHMBA) was initially found in the Paci c oyster Crassostrea Gigas [12,13]. DHMBA has dual properties to prevent oxidative stress as radical scavenging in cells [12][13][14][15][16][17]. DHMBA has been also reported to reveal a preventive effect on excess glutamatergic neuron activity in rats and mice in vivo [15].…”

“…DHMBA has dual properties to prevent oxidative stress as radical scavenging in cells [12][13][14][15][16][17]. DHMBA has been also reported to reveal a preventive effect on excess glutamatergic neuron activity in rats and mice in vivo [15]. Thus, DHMBA may play a role in the regulation of cell function as an antioxidant [16,17].…”

The marine factor 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol suppresses growth, migration and invasion and stimulates death of metastatic human prostate cancer cells: targeting diverse signaling processes

“…The novel phenolic antioxidant 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (DHMBA) was originally isolated from Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas [12,13]. DHMBA has dual properties to reduce oxidative stress, radical scavenging, and antioxidant protein induction in cells [12][13][14][15][16][17]. DHMBA has been shown to eliminate hydroxyl radicals and inhibits hepatocyte DNA fragmentation and cell death in vitro [14].…”