Prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in intensive care units: Barriers and compliance

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the compliance of Jordanian nurses with ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention guidelines and the barriers to compliance. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used. A convenience sample of 294 nurses from nine hospitals in Jordan completed a self-reported questionnaire. Results: According to the study compliance categories, 45.6% of the participants reported 'insufficient compliance,' 24.8% 'weak compliance' and 29.6% 'sufficient compliance.' Nurses with more experience and previous education on ventilatorassociated pneumonia reported higher compliance scores than their counterparts with less experience and no previous education. Nurses reported several barriers that limited their own compliance, such as lack of education, lack of policies and protocols, lack of resources and the shortage of staff. Conclusion: The compliance of nursing staff with the prevention guidelines was poor. Applying tailored educational programs may help improve their level of compliance.

Knowledge, Practice, Compliance, and Barriers toward Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia among Critical Care Nurses in Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Systematic Review

“…Most studies were conducted in Jordan (N = 7). [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ], Iran (N = 6) [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ], Saudi Arabia (N = 4) [ 34 , 42 , 43 , 44 ], and Egypt (N = 3) [ 43 , 45 , 46 ]. Of the 23 studies, 11 did not use a sampling method, and six studies used a convenience sampling method [ 25 , 43 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ].…”

“…[ 23 , 24 , 25 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ], Iran (N = 6) [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ], Saudi Arabia (N = 4) [ 34 , 42 , 43 , 44 ], and Egypt (N = 3) [ 43 , 45 , 46 ]. Of the 23 studies, 11 did not use a sampling method, and six studies used a convenience sampling method [ 25 , 43 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. Self-reporting and self-administrated methods were used to complete the questionnaires in most studies.…”

“…Although the barriers that impede nurses from implementing VAP prevention practices have not been fully explored yet, a lack of time and workload, lack of education, shortage of staff, and lack of policies and protocols are most frequently reported and may contribute to high prevalence of VAP [ 24 , 25 ]. In a study conducted in Jordan to examine mechanical ventilator and oral care practice among Jordanian nurses, the nurses reported low quality of oral care and lack of compliance [ 26 ].…”

Nursing in Intensive Care Unit: Exploring Factors Related to Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

“…Although many studies have shown no statistically signi cant difference between years of nursing service and prevention of VAP [21][22][23] , these studies all underscore the point that nursing training directly affects the incidence of VAP. In addition, a study highlighted the importance of new undergraduate courses and training, as well as postgraduate training, in improving nurse compliance [24] . In summary, good nursing education was associated with a lower incidence of VAP.…”

Performance Assessment of Medical Professionals in Prevention of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Intensive Care Units

“…Few studies have analysed the compliance of nurses on preventive aspects of VAP, 26 in which the questionnaires may not be reliable to measure compliance to reflect performance. 27 However, the study related to direct observation of practices on VAP prevention in the ICU is lacking. Hence, considering the high functionality of following the guidelines for the prevention of VAP and the lack of evidence-based research, researchers were prompted to assess the performance of MPs in the prevention of VAP in ICUs.…”