Prevention of transmission of Babesia canis by Dermacentor reticulatus ticks to dogs treated orally with fluralaner chewable tablets (Bravecto™)

Taenzler, Janina; Liebenberg, Julian; Roepke, Rainer K. A.; Heckeroth, Anja R.

doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0923-1

Cited by 44 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Fluralaner is approved in many countries, including the United States and throughout Europe, to provide 12 weeks activity against several tick genera. The rapid onset of fluralaner acaricidal activity was shown to prevent the risk of Dermacentor reticulatus transmission of Babesia canis in a laboratory study [6]. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that topically administered fluralaner is distributed systemically and fleas are exposed at the time of feeding [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized, blinded, controlled USA field study to assess the use of fluralaner topical solution in controlling canine flea infestations

Meadows¹,

Guerino²,

Sun³

2017

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundOrally administered fluralaner effectively controls fleas and ticks on dogs for 12 weeks. This study evaluates the flea control efficacy achieved with topically applied fluralaner in dogs.MethodsThis investigator-blinded, multi-center randomized, positive controlled study evaluated flea control efficacy in dogs following a single owner-applied treatment of topical fluralaner. A positive control group received three treatments, at 4-week intervals, of a commercial formulation of fipronil/(S)-methoprene. All dogs in households randomized to the fluralaner group were dispensed an initial treatment at enrollment and a second treatment at week 12 for an additional 3-week observation of treatment safety. Households with up to five healthy dogs, all at least 12 weeks of age and weighing at least 2 kg (4.4 lb), were randomized in a ratio of 3:1 of fluralaner to positive control. Within households, one primary dog with at least 10 live fleas at enrollment was randomly selected. Flea counts were performed on all primary dogs every 4 weeks through week 12. Efficacy measurement was based on reduction from baseline flea counts. Treatment was considered effective if geometric mean live flea count reductions at weeks 4, 8, and 12 were 90% or greater and significantly different from counts at enrollment. In addition, for each time point the arithmetic mean live flea counts, the efficacy based on arithmetic means, the number and percentage of dogs with at least a 90% reduction in flea count, and the number and percentage of flea free dogs were calculated. Statistical comparisons were also made between treatment groups.ResultsAt 12 sites, across 10 states, 121 households (221 dogs) were randomized to receive fluralaner and 44 households (100 dogs) were randomized to receive the positive control. Fluralaner was demonstrated to be significantly effective (all P ≤ 0.0001) at 4 weeks (99.8% reduction), 8 weeks (99.9%), and 12 weeks (99.9%). The positive control was significantly different from baseline (all P ≤ 0.0001) and showed a reduction of 81.2% at 4 weeks and was effective at 8 weeks (90.3%) and 12 weeks (93.0%). Arithmetic mean flea count reductions for the fluralaner group at 4, 8, and 12 weeks were 99.8, 99.9, and 99.9%, respectively. For the positive control, arithmetic mean flea count reductions were 58.8, 75.3, and 80.8% at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively. No treatment-related serious adverse events were reported in either group.ConclusionsOwner-applied topical fluralaner treatment was safe in dogs and provided ≥ 99.8% flea control efficacy for 12 weeks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized, blinded, controlled USA field study to assess the use of fluralaner topical solution in controlling canine flea infestations

Meadows¹,

Guerino²,

Sun³

2017

Parasites Vectors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Specific impacts of acaricides on tick feeding mechanisms and the consequent effects on tick borne pathogen transmission times were not measured in this study. Previous research has shown that each treatment administered in this study can prevent pathogen transmission under specific laboratory conditions [18–20]. If there is a direct correlation between tick feeding time and pathogen transmission, then results of this study indicate that there will be differences between the ability of the acaricides tested to prevent pathogen transmission from ticks attached at the time of treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The timing of pathogen transmission following attachment of an infected tick is variable, with a general suggestion that feeding for 24 to 48 h may be needed [4, 18]. Specific impacts of acaricides on tick feeding mechanisms and the consequent effects on tick borne pathogen transmission times were not measured in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A treatment that allows more ticks to remain attached for longer (as seen with the imidacloprid + permethrin group in this study) will be associated with a potentially greater risk of transmission of infectious disease pathogens. The ability of acaricides to prevent pathogen transmission under specific laboratory conditions [18–21] is not proof that they eliminate the risk of pathogen transmission under field conditions because the multiple variables occurring in a natural setting cannot be mimicked in a laboratory trial [4, 5]. Furthermore, poor dog owner compliance with parasite treatment recommendations [1–3] is another factor that reduces the ability of commercially available acaricides to control the risk of tick borne parasite transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparative laboratory trial evaluating the immediate efficacy of fluralaner, afoxolaner, sarolaner and imidacloprid + permethrin against adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) ticks attached to dogs

Burgio

Meyer

Armstrong³

2016

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundAcaricides are used to treat and prevent tick infestations, and a common clinical scenario is to administer an acaricide on observing an attached tick. Consequently, immediate acaricidal efficacy (onset of activity and speed of kill) results are clinically valuable. This study evaluated the immediate efficacy of four commercially available acaricides against adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato).MethodsForty dogs were blocked on hair length and tick carrying capacity, then randomly assigned to receive one of four treatments (fluralaner, sarolaner, imidacloprid + permethrin, or afoxolaner) or left untreated as controls. All dogs were challenged with 50 adult R. sanguineus (s.l.) ticks 48 h prior to treatment. After treatment, in situ tick thumb counts were conducted at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h; thereafter ticks were removed and counted at 48 h.ResultsImidacloprid + permethrin had the earliest onset of activity at 2 h (36.9% efficacy) followed at 4 h by fluralaner (60.2% efficacy) and sarolaner (48.2% efficacy), and lastly afoxolaner at 8 h (90.8% efficacy). Three oral treatments had an 8 h speed of kill (>90% efficacy) threshold; with corresponding efficacies as: fluralaner (99.6%), sarolaner (94.7%) and afoxolaner (90.8%). Fluralaner and sarolaner achieved 100% efficacy at 12, 24 and 48 h; afoxolaner achieved 100% efficacy at 48 h. Imidacloprid + permethrin achieved 80.1% efficacy at 48 h, therefore, failing to attain the speed of kill 90% efficacy threshold.ConclusionThe systemically distributed isoxazolines performed much better than cutaneously distributed imidacloprid + permethrin and are optimal treatment choices against attached ticks based on the combination of earlier onset of activity and speed of kill. Fluralaner had a 4 h onset of activity, an 8 h speed of kill and achieved 100% efficacy at 12 h.

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“…collars, spot-ons and orals) and modes of action (contact vs. systemic efficacy) (e.g. Elfassy et al 2001;Fourie et al 2013a;Honsberger et al 2016;Spencer et al 2003;Taenzler et al 2015Taenzler et al , 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum by Ixodes spp. ticks to dogs treated with the Seresto® collar (imidacloprid 10% + flumethrin 4.5%)

et al. 2019

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The capability of imidacloprid 10% + flumethrin 4.5% (Seresto®) collars to prevent transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) and Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Ap) by naturally infected ticks was evaluated in two studies with 44 dogs. In each study, one group served as non-treated control, whereas the other groups were treated with the Seresto® collar. All dogs were exposed to naturally Bbsland Ap-infected hard ticks (Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes scapularis). In study 1, tick infestation was performed on study day (SD) 63 (2 months post-treatment [p.t.]); in study 2, it was performed on SD 32 (one month p.t.) respectively SD 219 (seven months p.t.). In situ tick counts were performed 2 days after infestation. Tick counts and removals followed 6 (study 1) or 5 days (study 2) later. Blood sampling was performed for the detection of specific Bbsl and Ap antibodies and, in study 1, for the documentation of Ap DNA by PCR. Skin biopsies were examined for Bbsl by PCR and culture (only study 1). The efficacy against Ixodes spp. was 100% at all time points. In study 1, two of six non-treated dogs became infected with Bbsl, and four of six tested positive for Ap; none of the treated dogs tested positive for Bbsl or Ap. In study 2, ten of ten non-treated dogs became infected with Bbsl and Ap; none of the treated dogs tested positive for Bbsl or Ap; 100% acaricidal efficacy was shown in both studies. Transmission of Bbsl and Ap was successfully blocked for up to 7 months.

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Prevention of transmission of Babesia canis by Dermacentor reticulatus ticks to dogs treated orally with fluralaner chewable tablets (Bravecto™)

Cited by 44 publications

References 14 publications

A randomized, blinded, controlled USA field study to assess the use of fluralaner topical solution in controlling canine flea infestations

A randomized, blinded, controlled USA field study to assess the use of fluralaner topical solution in controlling canine flea infestations

A comparative laboratory trial evaluating the immediate efficacy of fluralaner, afoxolaner, sarolaner and imidacloprid + permethrin against adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) ticks attached to dogs

Prevention of transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum by Ixodes spp. ticks to dogs treated with the Seresto® collar (imidacloprid 10% + flumethrin 4.5%)

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