Prevention of sudden cardiac death in athletes, sportspersons and marathoners in India

Vora, Amit; Burkule, Nitin; Contractor, Aashish; Bhargava, Kartikeya

doi:10.1016/j.ihj.2017.12.004

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Unexpected events without the presence of pathological substrates, such as commotio cordis (i.e., cardiac concussion), and abuse of unfair and dangerous doping and performance-enhancing drugs, are also potential causes [18]. However, it is well established that regular physical exercise significantly reduces the risk of death from all causes (including cardiac) as well as sudden death compared to a sedentary lifestyle [12,23].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, pathophysiological mechanisms of sudden death during physical exercise, and consequently CA, are most of the time, associated with the discharge of catecholamines, which interacts unfavorably with some type of pre-existing arrythmogenic substrate. In addition, intense exercise can lead to dehydration, hyperpyrexia, electrolyte imbalance, and increased platelet aggregation [6,12,17,22]. All these disorders and pathological substrates can lead to an abrupt loss of cardiac mechanic function and consequently to sudden CA and death [6,12].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, intense exercise can lead to dehydration, hyperpyrexia, electrolyte imbalance, and increased platelet aggregation [6,12,17,22]. All these disorders and pathological substrates can lead to an abrupt loss of cardiac mechanic function and consequently to sudden CA and death [6,12]. Table 2 shows the main disturbances and disorders associated with the sudden death of athletes and general population and its respective definitions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sudden CA can occur in sports and depending on the intensity of physical exertion and the pre-existing disorder, affecting professional and/or recreational athletes [4,6,15,16,17,18,19,20,22]. It should be noted that the interaction between sudden death, CA, and sport has been a focus of much interest by researchers [6,12,23]. Table 4 and Table 5 show the main conclusions related to CA and BLS in the sport context, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sudden death in sports has attracted great attention by media (Table 1) showing potential risks of exercise/sport for health [11,12]. Surprisingly, health practitioners exhibited inadequate knowledge of exercise science [11], whereas athletic coaches did not sufficiently meet first-aid standards established by accredited entities [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Prevention of Sudden Death Related to Sport: The Science of Basic Life Support—From Theory to Practice

Vancini

Nikolaidis²,

Lira

et al. 2019

JCM

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The sudden cardiac arrest (CA) and death of athletes are dramatic and emotionally impacting events for health professionals, family, and society. Although the practice of sport participation improves general health, physical fitness, and quality of life, intense physical exercise can be a trigger for CA and sudden death occasionally in the presence of known or unknown cardiac disorders (mainly hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) and risk factors (environment, health style, family, and genetic). The present review found that sudden death associated with CA was not such a common event in competitive athletes, but it might be an underestimated event in recreational athletes. Thus, considering the exponential increase in sport participation, both in a recreational or competitive way, and the rate of sudden CA, knowledge of implementing prevention and treatment strategies is crucial. This includes preparation of health professionals and lay people in basic life support (BLS); screening and pre-participation assessment in sport programs and health education; and promotion for the recognition of CA and early completion of BLS and rapid access to automatic external defibrillator to improve the victim survival/prognosis. Thus, the purpose of this review is to provide for health professionals and lay people the most updated information, based on current guidelines, of how to proceed in an emergency situation associated with sudden CA of young adult athletes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Prevention of Sudden Death Related to Sport: The Science of Basic Life Support—From Theory to Practice

Vancini

Nikolaidis²,

Lira

et al. 2019

JCM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Comparison of methods for correcting QT interval in athletes and young people: A systematic review

Mahendran

Gupta

Davis

et al. 2023

Clinical Cardiology

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Screening elite athletes for conditions associated with sudden cardiac death is recommended by numerous international guidelines. Current athlete electrocardiogram interpretation criteria recommend the Bazett formula (QTcB) for correcting QT interval. However, other formulae may perform better at lower and higher heart rates (HR). This review aimed to examine the literature on various QT correction methods in athletes and young people aged 14−35 years and determine the most accurate method of calculating QTc in this population. A systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and SportDiscus was performed. Papers comparing at least two different methods of QT interval correction in athletes or young people were included. Quality and risk of bias were assessed using a standardized tool. The search strategy identified 545 papers, of which 10 met the criteria and were included. Nine of these studies concluded that QTcB was least reliable for removing the effect of HR and was inaccurate at both high (>90 beats per min [BPM]) and low (<60 BPM) HRs. No studies supported the use of QTcB in athletes and young people. Alternative QT correction algorithms such as Fridericia (QTcF) produce more accurate correction of QT interval at HRs seen in athletes and young people. QTcB is less accurate at lower and higher HRs. QTcF has been shown to be more accurate in these HR ranges and may be preferred to QTcB for QTc calculation in athletes and young people. However, accurate QTc reference values for discrete HRs using alternative algorithms are not well established and require further research.

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Sudden cardiac death in athletes – can we prevent it?

SŁOWIACZEK¹,

MATYKA²,

WOJNAR³

et al. 2023

J Educ Health Sport

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Introduction and purpose: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a rare condition, however it is the leading medical cause of death in population of athletes. This study reviews the epidemiology and common causes of SCD in this group. The literature on the role of pre-participation screening and of the other preventive measures was also reviewed. Review methods: A review of the available literature on sudden cardiac death in athletes was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Description of the state of knowledge: SCD is the leading cause of death in athletes. However, the incidence is difficult to estimate and varies in different populations. The etiology is age-dependent, in young individuals the most common cause of sudden cardiac death are hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and congenital coronary artery anomalies. In the older athlete population (over 35 years old) atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is the main cause. Screening process varies between countries and besides taking the medical history and physical examination can involve electrocardiogram, echocardiography and other examinations. Conclusions: A review of the following studies has shown, that pre-participation screening of athletes may help to reduce the incidence of sudden death. Equal focus should be put on the availability of medical facilities during sports events, including experienced medical team and access to automated external defibrillation.

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Prevention of sudden cardiac death in athletes, sportspersons and marathoners in India

Cited by 14 publications

References 65 publications

Prevention of Sudden Death Related to Sport: The Science of Basic Life Support—From Theory to Practice

Prevention of Sudden Death Related to Sport: The Science of Basic Life Support—From Theory to Practice

Comparison of methods for correcting QT interval in athletes and young people: A systematic review

Sudden cardiac death in athletes – can we prevent it?

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