Prevention of sporogony of Plasmodium vivax in Anopheles albimanus by steroids of Solanum nudum Dunal (Solanaceae)

Abstract

The sporontocidal activity of three steroids (SN-1, SN-2 and SN-4) from Solanum nudum Dunal (Solanaceae) was determined against naturally circulating isolates of Plasmodium vivax in Anopheles albimanus. Laboratory-reared Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes were infected with P. vivax from gametocytemic blood of volunteers resident in Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca (Colombian Pacific Coast) by using an artificial membrane feeder. Prior to mosquito feeding, gametocytemic blood was centrifuged, plasma was separated, packed blood red cells were washed with RPMI 1640 and then resuspended in non-immune AB serum, then the steroids were added at different doses. On day 7 after infection, the presence and number of oocysts in mosquitoes was determined. The steroid SN-2 reduced the infection of mosquitoes by 90% and the mean number of oocysts by 60%. These data confirmed that the experimental steroid is capable of interrupting the sporogonic development of P. vivax in Anopheles albimanus. This experimental steroid has potential for transmission blocking in vivax malaria.

Natural Products: A Potential Source of Malaria Transmission Blocking Drugs?

“…Three steroids, designated SN-1, SN-2 and SN-4, isolated from the plant, Solanum nudum Dunal (Solanaceae), were assessed against ex vivo P. vivax parasites. Only compounds SN-1 and SN-2 significantly reduced infectivity [98], although this could not be discerned from solubilising agents included such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Encouragingly, SN-2 further significantly reduced oocyst density, a phenotypical effect not observed for PVP (Table S1) [98].…”

“…Only compounds SN-1 and SN-2 significantly reduced infectivity [98], although this could not be discerned from solubilising agents included such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Encouragingly, SN-2 further significantly reduced oocyst density, a phenotypical effect not observed for PVP (Table S1) [98]. The results from this study are important as they do point to natural products being useful in targeting sporogonic stages of P. vivax.…”

Using molecular docking analysis to discovery Dregea sinensis Hemsl. potential mechanism of anticancer, antidepression, and immunoregulation

“…[ 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 ] Since 1920's, steroidal glycosides compounds have been found from several plant species. These compounds mainly distributed in Asclepiadaceae,[ 15 ] yam,[ 16 ] Gentianaceae,[ 17 ] and solanaceae[ 18 ] species. Among the plant species, Asclepiadaceae has the highest content of steroidal glycosides.…”

Evaluación del efecto citotóxico y del daño genético de extractos estandarizados de Solanum nudum con actividad antiplasmodial

“…Se ha encontrado que los esteroides SN1, SN2, SN3, SN4 y la diosgenona tienen prometedora actividad anti-Plasmodium in vitro, sin actividad citotóxica en células HepG2 (5,10,13). Por otro lado, la evaluación in vivo de la actividad clastogénica de la diosgenona y el extracto acuoso de las hojas y tallos, utilizando la prueba de micronúcleos, mostró resultados negativos, así como la actividad mutagénica realizada a la diosgenona y a los extractos acuoso, hexánico, metanólico y diclorometano de la planta (10,14).…”

“…Por otro lado, la evaluación in vivo de la actividad clastogénica de la diosgenona y el extracto acuoso de las hojas y tallos, utilizando la prueba de micronúcleos, mostró resultados negativos, así como la actividad mutagénica realizada a la diosgenona y a los extractos acuoso, hexánico, metanólico y diclorometano de la planta (10,14). En trabajos previos se encontró que los esteroides SN2 y SN4 inhiben la invasión de esporozoítos de P. vivax en células HepG2 (9) y, a su vez, SN2 disminuye el número de ooquistes de P. vivax en Anopheles albimanus (13).…”