Prevention of spontaneous combustion in coal stockpiles

Fierro, Vanessa; López‐Miranda, José; Romero, C.; Andrés, José Manuel Palao; Arriaga, A; Schmal, D.; Visser, G.H

doi:10.1016/s0378-3820(99)00005-3

Cited by 78 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…On the other hand, heat transferred away from the combustion zone is also amplified, resulting in a substantial cooling effect. Fierro et al (1999Fierro et al ( , 2001 investigated spontaneous combustion in stockpiles of Spanish black coal. They reasoned that the stock would not be in danger of spontaneous combustion if the air convection was either sufficiently low (=limited oxygen supply) or high (=cooling effect dominating).…”

Section: Ignition and Propagation Of Coal Firesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling coal fires using the three-phase foam and water mist techniques in the Anjialing Open Pit Mine, China

et al. 2014

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Coal fires are a serious environment, health, and safety hazard throughout the world. They damage the environment, threaten the health of people living nearby, burn away non-renewable coal, and result in significant economic losses. In this paper, the characteristics of the ignition and propagation of coal fires are illustrated first. Semienclosed environments (loose zones and abandoned roadways) favor the ignition of coal fires. The ''upper fire'' is pointed out to be prevalent and difficult to be controlled. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of several commonly used techniques for controlling coal fires are analyzed. The three-phase foam and water mist techniques are believed to be effective in controlling coal fires, especially the ''upper fires'' in loose zones and abandoned roadways, respectively. Then, the three-phase foam coal fire extinguishing system is improved, and the water mist coal fire extinguishing system is developed. Finally, these two techniques are applied to control coal fires in the Anjialing Open Pit Mine. The results show that the three-phase foam and water mist techniques control coal fires efficiently and ensure the safe production of the mine as well as the security of personnel and equipments. Most importantly, this study provides a valuable method for the control of other coal fires.

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Section: Ignition and Propagation Of Coal Firesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling coal fires using the three-phase foam and water mist techniques in the Anjialing Open Pit Mine, China

et al. 2014

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“…Therefore, the whole investigation of the spontaneous combustion event of coals and the application of the obtained results into practice is difficult with the laboratory-scale studies. Hence, the large-scale (industrial-scale) studies have great importance especially when the determination of the general behavior of coals during spontaneous combustion, which includes most or all of the parameters acting on the spontaneous combustion, is purposed (Ozdeniz, 2003;Sensogut and Ozdeniz, 2005;Ozdeniz and Sensogut, 2006;Sensogut and Ozdeniz, 2008;Fierro et al, 1999aFierro et al, , 1999bFierro et al, , 2001. However, since this type of study needs so much money and long periods of time, there exist only a limited number of studies about this subject.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Determination of Spontaneous Combustion in Industrial-scale Coal Stockpiles

Ozdeniz

2010

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmenta

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Many companies unavoidably store coals at their stock areas for later usage. Stock fires take place due to long-term stay of these coals at the stock areas and cause serious damages in terms of economy and environment. In order to determine the occurrence conditions of spontaneous combustion of coals due to long-term stay under natural air conditions, an industrial-scale coal stockpile composed of 10 to 18 mm coal grains, having the dimensions of 5 m width, 3 m height, and 10 m length and weighing approximately 120 tons, was formed in a coal stock area of a company using great amounts of coal annually. Recording the temperature values measured at the stockpile, the temperature-time diagrams were plotted. Moreover, the atmospheric effects on the stockpile were investigated by continuously measuring air temperature, air humidity, atmospheric pressure, velocity, and direction of wind, which are some of the parameters affecting the stockpile.

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“…The cellular (foam containing) grout technology is used to control seam fires (Colaizzi 2004). Fierro et al (1999) analyze the efficiency several methods in order to inhibit spontaneous combustion of coal stockpiles, either through periodic compaction, smothering with a water-ash slurry, a wind barrier or a low-angle stockpile, all with the goal to either maintain extremely high temperatures or greatly increase the rate of heat loss to create a ''cold'' coal stockpile. Other methods such as nitrogen gas injection have also been developed and tested experimentally (Griffith et al 1960).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of composite fly ash gel to extinguish outcrop coal fires in China

Deng

Wen

et al. 2015

Nat Hazards

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This paper presents the application of composite fly ash gel injection technology, along with several other methods to help extinguish outcrop coal fires (excavation, blasting and sealing). The Haibaoqing coal fires extended for 6000-7000 m across *1000-m-wide area, part of which was simulated by Fluent to determine the distribution of high temperature and the situation of leakage. The radon-test method was used to accurately detect the extent of the burning area, along with the degree and tendency of burning. The areas were then separated into three distinct regions: north, middle and south. The gel injecting and monitoring boreholes were then installed in the regions. A comprehensive application of composite fly ash gel injection technology, excavation, blasting and sealing was used to extinguish the outcrop coal fire. After subsurface blasting, the composite gel was injected into the coal seams to extinguish and prevent re-ignition of the fires by filling in new areas created by the blasting and forming an effective composite coverage in order to prevent combustion. Boreholes monitored temperature and CO concentrations during the entire process to indicate when the fire was extinguished, along with extended monitoring to verify no combustion reoccurred. Using this combination of methods has proven to effectively extinguish the coal fires at reasonable costs in the region.Keywords Composite fly ash gel Á Radon-test Á Borehole Á Excavation Á Blasting Á Sealing Á Outcrop coal fire List of symbols q mThe density of coal (kg m -3 ) k mThe conductivity of coal (W m -1 K -1 ) c mThe specific heat capacity of coal (J kg -1 K -1 ) q gThe density of air (kg m -3 ) k gThe conductivity of air (W m -1 K -1 ) c gThe specific heat capacity of air (J kg -1 K -1 ) q yThe density of rock (kg m -3 ) k yThe conductivity of rock (W m -1 K -1 ) c yThe specific heat capacity of rock (J kg -1 K -1 ) HComprehensive pressure of dynamic pressure, static pressure and thermal potential pressure (Pa) C Molar concentration of oxygen (mol m -3 ) q e Integrated density (kg m -3 ) k e Effective thermal conductivity (W m -1 K -1 ) V(T) Oxygen consumption rate of coal (mol cm -3 s -1 ) D 0The diffusion coefficient(m 2 s -1 ) k 1The seepage coefficient k 2The seepage coefficientThe convective heat transfer coefficient of rock (W m -2 K -1 ) q tThe density of soil (kg m -3 ) k tThe conductivity of soil (W m -1 K -1 ) c tThe specific heat capacity of soil (J kg -1 K -1 ) n i Permeability coefficient of i direction (m 3 s kg -1 ) D e Comprehensive diffusion coefficient (m 2 s -1 ) c e Effective specific heat capacity (J kg -1 K -1 ) Q j Air-leakage intensity of outcrop coal in direction j (m 3 m -2 s -1 ) q(T) Heat liberation intensity of coal (J m -3 s -1 )

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Prevention of spontaneous combustion in coal stockpiles

Cited by 78 publications

References 8 publications

Controlling coal fires using the three-phase foam and water mist techniques in the Anjialing Open Pit Mine, China

Controlling coal fires using the three-phase foam and water mist techniques in the Anjialing Open Pit Mine, China

Determination of Spontaneous Combustion in Industrial-scale Coal Stockpiles

Application of composite fly ash gel to extinguish outcrop coal fires in China

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