Prevention of Self-medication in Women of Reproductive Age Based on a Health Belief Model: A Quasi-experimental Study

Abstract

Background: Women of reproductive age have important responsibilities such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, and children raising. This study aimed at surveying the effect of educational interventions, based on the health belief model (HBM), in the prevention of self-medication (SM) in women of reproductive age. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on women of reproductive age in Jahrom in 2019 (January-September). Simple multi-stage random sampling was used to select the participants, and the sample size was determined 60 people for both intervention and control groups. Data collection tool was a questionnaire including demographic information and HBM construct questions. The questionnaire was completed in person by both groups before and three months after the educational intervention. The educational intervention was performed based on the HBM in the intervention group, including holding 4 educational sessions each lasting 60 minutes. The data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software using the chi-square test, paired t test, and independent t-test. Results: The results showed a significant difference between intervention and control groups in terms of knowledge, perceived severity, benefits, and barriers, as well as cues to action on the correct use of drugs after the intervention (P<0.05). Three months after the intervention, the practice mean of women in the intervention group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Overall, educational intervention based on HBM was effective in preventing SM, but the extent of this effect varied for different HBM constructs. Nonetheless, measuring the effectiveness of the intervention based on the HBM in preventing SM behaviors requires studies with a long follow-up period.

Effectiveness of the application of an educational program based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) in Adopting Preventive Behaviors from Self-Medication among Women in Iran. A rRandomized Controlled Trial

“…In the present study, findings revealed that the women performance in terms of arbitrary use of medication has been decreased. The similar results were also shown in the studies done by Shamsi, (24) and Hosseini (32) and Izadirad (33) by a reduction in selfmedication. The results of the present study showed that the most drugs arbitrarily used by women before the educational self-medication were painrelievers, antibiotics and cold tablets.…”

Perilaku Pasien Hipertensi Dalam Penggunaan Obat Antihipertensi Dengan Menggunakan Health Belief Model Di Puskesmas Pesantren II

“…Pendekatan teori HBM perlu digunakan untuk mengukur perilaku dan keyakinan setiap orang tentang penggunaan obat (Apriyani & Hanim, 2019). Health Belief Model (HBM) merupakan salah satu model perubahan perilaku kesehatan yang paling banyak digunakan, sering digunakan untuk mencegah penyakit (Hosseini et al, 2022). HBM mencakup persepsi kerentanan (keyakinan abstrak seseorang mengenai kemungkinan tertular suatu penyakit), persepsi keparahan (keyakinan abstrak seseorang tentang tingkat keparahan cedera yang dapat terjadi pada dirinya akibat tertular suatu penyakit), persepsi manfaat (keyakinan terhadap keuntungan dari metode yang diusulkan untuk mengurangi risiko atau memperburuk penyakit), hambatan yang dirasakan (keyakinan tentang dampak alami dan kerugian yang dirasakan dalam melakukan perilaku baru), isyarat untuk bertindak (mempercepat kekuatan yang membuat seseorang merasa perlu untuk bertindak) dan efikasi diri (kepercayaan diri seseorang terhadap kemampuannya untuk melakukan dan mengikuti suatu perilaku dengan sukses) (Jose et al, 2021).…”

Promotion of nutritional behaviors in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases: application of the health belief model in primary health care centers

“…The Health Belief Model (HBM) is one of the most widely used models of health behavior change, often used to prevent diseases [ 15 ]. The HBM includes perceived susceptibility (a person’s abstract beliefs regarding the possibility of contracting an illness), perceived severity (a person’s abstract belief about the severity of injury that can occur to him as a result of acquiring a disease), perceived benefits (confidence in the advantages of the proposed methods to reduce the risk or worsening of the disease), perceived barriers (beliefs about the natural and perceived costs of pursuing a new behavior), cues to action (accelerating forces that make a person feel the need to act) and self-efficacy (a person’s confidence in his abilities to perform and follow a behavior successfully) [ 16 , 17 ].…”