Prevention of Secondary Transmission of Pertussis in Households With Early Use of Erythromycin

Sprauer, Mary Ann; Cochi, Stephen L.; Zell, Elizabeth R.; Sutter, Roland W.; Mullen, John R.; Englender, Steven J.; Patriarca, P.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1992.02160140043018

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Erythromycin administered as chemoprophylaxis before the first secondary case significantly reduced the rate of secondary transmission within families in one study 23. In view of high secondary attack rates of up to 80–100% in families,22 we believe that erythromycin treatment and prophylaxis should be given to the index case and close contacts in all households where there are unimmunised or partially immunised children. This should be given before 21 days of onset of a primary case 24.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Pertussis is increasing in unimmunised infants: is a change in policy needed?

Ranganathan

Tasker

Booy

et al. 1999

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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The proportion and trend in absolute number of pertussis notifications in young infants has increased each year in England and Wales since the accelerated immunisation schedule was introduced. We report five infants all less than 3 months of age admitted with life threatening pertussis infection to two paediatric intensive care units. Despite aggressive cardiorespiratory support measures, three of the infants died. Pertussis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in unimmunised infants. In this age group presentation is likely to be atypical and infection more severe. Public health measures to prevent the disease could be strengthened. Chemoprophylaxis should be oVered to susceptible contacts and booster vaccinations against pertussis considered. 1999;80:297-299) (Arch Dis Child

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Pertussis is increasing in unimmunised infants: is a change in policy needed?

Ranganathan

Tasker

Booy

et al. 1999

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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“…P 1 .05 Since doxycycline and macrolides are antibiotics by which M. pneumoniae infection is effectively treated [1], our findings suggest that M. pneumoniae transmission from effectively treated patients still occurs in the household setting. It may be that transmission can be prevented only by early treatment of the index patient, as has been shown for the prevention of the spread of Bordetella pertussis among household contacts [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Results of Molecular Detection ofMycoplasma pneumoniaeamong Patients with Acute Respiratory Infection and in Their Household Contacts Reveals Children as Human Reservoirs

et al. 2001

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During a 30-month prospective study in The Netherlands, the distribution of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and respiratory viruses among 1172 patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI) who were treated in the outpatient general practitioner setting was studied. M. pneumoniae, as detected by polymerase chain reaction analysis, was present in 39 (3.3%) patients. The infection rate was similar in all age groups. Nose and throat samples collected from 79 household contacts of M. pneumoniae-positive index patients revealed M. pneumoniae in 12 (15%) cases. The frequency of M. pneumoniae among household contacts of index patients treated with appropriate antibiotics and untreated index patients was similar. Nine of the 12 M. pneumoniae-positive household contacts were <16 years old (P=.02), and 4 (44%) of them did not develop ARI. Apparently, children are a relevant reservoir for M. pneumoniae.

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“…Antibiotic treatment and prophylaxis play an important role in controlling the spread of pertussis in the United States. Erythromycin eliminates the organism from the respiratory tract and is currently the treatment of choice for patients with confirmed and pertussis and their close contacts (1,(8)(9)(10)26; J. W. Bass, Letter, Lancet ii:147, 1985).…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of a Mutation Associated with Erythromycin Resistance in Bordetella pertussis : Implications for Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance

et al. 2003

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Erythromycin treatment failures and in vitro resistance of Bordetella pertussis have been reported on several occasions in the past few years, but the mechanism of resistance has not been described. One potential mechanism, genetic modification of the erythromycin-binding site on the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit, has been observed in other bacteria. To explore this possibility, we amplified the portion of the 23S rRNA gene encoding the central loop of domain V. DNA sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism of the PCR products showed that each of the four erythromycin-resistant B. pertussis strains tested contained an A-to-G transition mutation at position 2058 (Escherichia coli numbering) of the 23S rRNA gene. The mutation was not found in seven erythromycin-susceptible isolates tested. Two of the resistant isolates were heterozygous, containing at least one mutant copy and one wild-type copy of the 23S rRNA gene. These results indicate that erythromycin resistance in these strains is likely due to a mutation of the erythromycinbinding site in the 23S rRNA gene. Identification of the resistance mechanism will facilitate development of molecular susceptibility testing methods that can be used directly on clinical specimens in the absence of an isolate.

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Prevention of Secondary Transmission of Pertussis in Households With Early Use of Erythromycin

Cited by 33 publications

References 23 publications

Pertussis is increasing in unimmunised infants: is a change in policy needed?

Pertussis is increasing in unimmunised infants: is a change in policy needed?

Results of Molecular Detection ofMycoplasma pneumoniaeamong Patients with Acute Respiratory Infection and in Their Household Contacts Reveals Children as Human Reservoirs

Identification of a Mutation Associated with Erythromycin Resistance in Bordetella pertussis : Implications for Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance

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