Prevention of Pneumococcal Pneumonia by Immunization With Specific Capsular Polysaccharides

MacLeod, Colin M.; Hodges, Richard G.; Heidelberger, Michael; Bernhard, W

doi:10.1084/jem.82.6.445

Cited by 481 publications

(163 citation statements)

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“…The main determinant of virulence of S. pneumoniae is the caps-PS. It has long been known that antibodies to caps-PS are protective against infection with S. pneumoniae [16]. An impaired response to caps-PS has been observed in patients with ataxia telangiectasia, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, common variable hypogammaglobulinemia, and Sjögren's syndrome [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The human antibody response to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides is dependent on the CD40‐CD40 ligand interaction

et al. 2004

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Protection against infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae is mediated by antibodies against the capsular polysaccharides (caps-PS). Here we show that in in vitro experiments CD4 + T lymphocytes stimulate and CD8 + T lymphocytes inhibit the human anti-caps-PS antibody response. Using antagonistic anti-CD40 and antagonistic anti-CD40 ligand (CD40L) monoclonal antibodies, we showed that the CD4 + T lymphocyte-mediated stimulation is dependent on the CD40-CD40L interaction. The role of CD40L was further illustrated by the observation that CD4 + T lymphocytes obtained from a patient with hyper-IgM syndrome were unable to enhance the immune response to caps-PS. Furthermore, CD4 + T lymphocytes from cord blood, which did not express CD40L in response to stimulation with caps-PS, failed to stimulate the antibody response of adult B lymphocytes to caps-PS. These in vitro findings were confirmed by in vivo experiments in which SCID/SCID mice were reconstituted with human mononuclear cells. Furthermore, we showed that caps-PS induce production of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-+ , and that this enhanced production was inhibited by blocking the CD40-CD40L interaction. This is the first demonstration that the human immune response to caps-PS, which is markedly regulated by T lymphocytes, is dependent on the CD40-CD40L interaction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The human antibody response to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides is dependent on the CD40‐CD40 ligand interaction

et al. 2004

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“…The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine which has been given to adults for the past 30 years (it is not given to children less than 2 years of age as it is poorly immunogenic in that age group) does not appear to prevent carriage in most populations and also does not seem to prevent non-bacteraemic pneumonia in those same populations. In the two populations of young soldiers and gold miners in whom this vaccine protected against pneumonia [3,35], the vaccine also impacted on nasopharyngeal carriage ( [3] and H. J. Koornhof 2011, personal communication). Conjugate pneumococcal vaccines reduce both carriage and pneumonia.…”

Section: Nasopharyngeal Carriage As a Precursor To Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pneumococcus, which has at least 93 different polysaccharide capsules, is a leading bacterial cause of pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media and sinusitis. The usefulness of capsules to vaccinate humans against these pneumococcal diseases has been known for over 50 years [3]. It was an observation by Oswald Avery in 1931 that lead the way, however, to a new generation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) that were introduced for immunization of infants in the year 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of vaccines to our understanding of pneumococcal disease

Klugman

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Pneumonia is the leading cause of mortality in children in developing countries and is also the leading infectious cause of death in adults. The most important cause of pneumonia is the Gram-positive bacterial pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae, also known as the pneumococcus. It has thus become the leading vaccine-preventable cause of death and is a successful and diverse human pathogen. The development of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines has made possible the prevention of pneumococcal disease in infants, but has also elucidated aspects of pneumococcal biology in a number of ways. Use of the vaccine as a probe has increased our understanding of the burden of pneumococcal disease in children globally. Vaccination has also elucidated the clinical spectrum of vaccine-preventable pneumococcal infections; the identification of a biological niche for multiple pneumococcal serotypes in carriage and the differential invasiveness of pneumococcal serotypes; the impact of pneumococcal transmission among children on disease burden in adults; the role of carriage as a precursor to pneumonia; the plasticity of a naturally transformable pathogen to respond to selective pressure through capsular switching and the accumulation of antibioticresistance determinants; and the role of pneumococcal infections in hospitalization and mortality associated with respiratory viral infections, including both seasonal and pandemic influenza. Finally, there has been a recent demonstration that pneumococcal pneumonia in children may be an important cause of hospitalization for those with underlying tuberculosis.

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“…Jenner desenvolveu a vacina antivariólica no final do século XVIII, o desenvolvimento das vacinas para difteria e pertussis ocorreu nas primeiras décadas do século passado e, em pouco tempo, durante os anos 40, foram realizadas as primeiras tentativas exitosas em se produzir uma vacina antipneumocócica, que incluía 5 sorotipos 71 . Esta vacina, embora não tenha sido inicialmente utilizada, assumiu importância três décadas após, quando foram incorporados 14 sorotipos.…”

Section: Imunização Contra Streptococcus Pneumoniaeunclassified

Vacinas e o trato respiratório: o que devemos saber?

Farhat¹,

Cintra²,

Tregnaghi³

2002

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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ResumoObjetivo: o presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma revisão acerca das principais vacinas utilizadas na população pediá-trica, com impacto direto na prevenção dos processos infecciosos infantis do trato respiratório. Fontes dos dados:foram analisadas informações de artigos publicados em revistas científicas nacionais e internacionais, selecionados por busca direta ou por pesquisa nas bases de dados Lilacs e Medline.Síntese dos dados: o artigo foi estruturado em tópicos, apresentando questões relativas à imunização contra os patógenos freqüen-tes do trato respiratório em humanos, como Haemophilus influenza, vírus influenza, vírus respiratório sincicial e Streptococcus pneumoniae.Conclusões: a prevenção de doenças respiratórias, através de imunização, constitui-se numa das principais medidas para controle das infecções respiratórias. O acesso da população a estas novas vacinas, principalmente contra Haemophilus influenza, o que já ocorre há alguns anos com reconhecida eficácia, e agora contra o Streptococcus pneumoniae (vacina heptavalente) apontam para uma nova perspectiva, direcionada para o manejo da doença respiratória infantil. Em populações de risco, o controle da doença de etiologia viral através da imunização de forma ativa contra o vírus influenza, e de forma passiva para o vírus respiratório sincicial, também constituem medidas eficazes na redução da doença respiratória.J Pediatr (Rio J) 2002; 78 (Supl.2): S195-S204:vacinas, Haemophilus influenza, vírus influenza, vírus respiratório sincicial, Streptococcus pneumoniae. AbstractObjective: this article aims at presenting a review of the main vaccines used in the pediatric population with direct impact on the prevention of infectious processes of the respiratory tract in children.Sources: data from articles published in national and international scientific journals. The data were selected by means of direct search or search in the Lilacs and Medline databases. Summary of the findings: this article was structured in topics, presenting issues related to immunization against frequent pathogens of the respiratory tract in human beings: Haemophilus influenza, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.Conclusions: the prevention of respiratory diseases through immunization is one of the main measures for the control of respiratory infection. These new vaccines, especially against Haemophilus influenza, have been available for some years with acknowledged efficacy. Now, the vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae (heptavalent vaccine) leads to a new perspective towards the management of respiratory diseases in children. In risk populations, the control of viral diseases through immunization, actively against the influenza virus and passively against the syncytial respiratory virus, is also an efficient measure to reduce respiratory disease.J Pediatr (Rio J) 2002; 78 (Supl.2) IntroduçãoÉ de todos conhecida a importância dos problemas infecciosos virais e bacterianos que acometem as vias aéreas superior e inferior. Sã...

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Prevention of Pneumococcal Pneumonia by Immunization With Specific Capsular Polysaccharides

Cited by 481 publications

References 4 publications

The human antibody response to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides is dependent on the CD40‐CD40 ligand interaction

The human antibody response to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides is dependent on the CD40‐CD40 ligand interaction

Contribution of vaccines to our understanding of pneumococcal disease

Vacinas e o trato respiratório: o que devemos saber?

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