Prevention of Physical Training–Related Injuries

Bullock, Steven H.; Jones, Bruce H.; Gilchrist, Julie; Marshall, Stephen W.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.10.023

Cited by 144 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 246 publications

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“…A study quality scale was developed using elements of existing scales 31–33 and methodological factors specific to this review (e.g., type of observational study design, quality of traffic exposure assessment, and quality of health outcome assessment). The scale included 17 items with a maximum possible score of 40.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residential Traffic Exposure and Childhood Leukemia

Boothe¹,

Boehmer

Wendel

et al. 2014

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Context Exposure to elevated concentrations of traffic-related air pollutants in the near-road environment is associated with numerous adverse human health effects, including childhood cancer, which has been increasing since 1975. Results of individual epidemiologic studies have been inconsistent. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to examine the association between residential traffic exposure and childhood cancer. Evidence acquisition Studies published between January 1980 and July 2011 were retrieved from a systematic search of 18 bibliographic databases. Nine studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. Weighted summary ORs were calculated using a random effects model for outcomes with four or more studies. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Evidence synthesis Childhood leukemia was positively associated (summary OR=1.53, 95% CI=1.12, 2.10) with residential traffic exposure among seven studies using a postnatal exposure window (e.g., childhood period or diagnosis address) and there was no association (summary OR=0.92, 95% CI=0.78, 1.09) among four studies using a prenatal exposure window (e.g., pregnancy period or birth address). There were too few studies to analyze other childhood cancer outcomes. Conclusions Current evidence suggests that childhood leukemia is associated with residential traffic exposure during the postnatal period, but not during the prenatal period. Additional well-designed epidemiologic studies that use complete residential history to estimate traffic exposure, examine leukemia subtypes, and control for potential confounding factors are needed to confirm these findings. As many people reside near busy roads, especially in urban areas, precautionary public health messages and interventions designed to reduce population exposure to traffic might be warranted.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residential Traffic Exposure and Childhood Leukemia

Boothe¹,

Boehmer

Wendel

et al. 2014

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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“…As demonstrated in Table 1, running has one of the highest injury incidence rates (per 1,000 training hours), especially for novice runners. Furthermore, research conducted among military populations has found running volume to be one of the most potent risk factors for training injury 23,25,29,57–59 . For instance, Abt and colleagues found running to be the most frequent cause of all injuries (23.1%) and preventable injuries (30%) among US Army Special Operations forces 59 .…”

Section: Injury Risk and Distance Runningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, a study of US Army infantry trainees found that those running an average of 11 miles per week experienced a 27% higher rate of lower extremity injuries than those running 5 miles per week, and the 2-mile run test times for the two groups were similar at the end of training 58 . Studies have demonstrated that when running volume is significantly reduced, recruits reduce their injury risk substantially without negatively impacting fitness 57 . Given the relatively low HIFT injury incidence rates compared to running and the positive impact on fitness domains important for readiness, it is puzzling how these popular exercise programs among military members could be discouraged with warnings of potential injury risk while distance running is encouraged.…”

Section: Injury Risk and Distance Runningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, injuries also are viewed as part of the cost of being in the military because regular PT is critical for members to maintain their fitness for arduous deployments and missions 23,28,29,57,58 . Injuries are the leading cause of outpatient medical visits, hospitalizations, and discharges that result in 25 million limited duty days each year across the services and it has been estimated that stress fractures alone result in medical visits and lost training days that cost the military approximately $100 million annually 29,57 . Despite this, the military expects its personnel to regularly engage in fitness training activities.…”

Section: Conclusion: Risk Analysis Of Hift-related Fitness Programentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT)/CrossFit Safe for Military Fitness Training?

et al. 2016

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High-intensity functional training (HIFT) is a promising fitness paradigm that gained popularity among military populations. Rather than biasing workouts toward maximizing fitness domains such as aerobic endurance, HIFT workouts are designed to promote general physical preparedness. HIFT programs have proliferated due to concerns about the relevance of traditional physical training (PT), which historically focused on aerobic condition via running. Other concerns about traditional PT include: 1) the relevance of service fitness tests given current combat demands; 2) the perception that military PT is geared toward passing service fitness tests; and 3) that training for combat requires more than just aerobic endurance. Despite its’ popularity in the military, concerns have been raised about HIFT’s injury potential, leading to some approaches being labeled as “extreme conditioning programs” by several military and civilian experts. Given HIFT programs’ popularity in the military and concerns about injury, a review of data on HIFT injury potential is needed to inform military policy. The purpose of this review is to: 1) provide an overview of scientific methods used to appropriately compare injury rates among fitness activities; and 2) evaluate scientific data regarding HIFT injury risk compared to traditional military PT and other accepted fitness activities

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“…4 A major challenge to effective injury prevention practice is translating research outcomes into actions and programs that can be effectively implemented in real-world training settings. 5 Training programs designed to reduce the risk of these injuries in military training populations have shown promise 6 ; however the wide-spread implementation of these programs has not been realized. The purpose of this paper is to review critical steps in successfully developing and implementing injury prevention programs in military and civilian populations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Seven Steps for Developing and Implementing a Preventive Training Program

Padua

Frank

Donaldson

et al. 2014

Clinics in Sports Medicine

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Musculoskeletal injuries during military and sport-related training are common, costly and potentially debilitating. Thus, there is a great need to develop and implement evidence-based injury prevention strategies to reduce the burden of musculoskeletal injury. The lack of attention to implementation issues is a major factor limiting the ability to successfully reduce musculoskeletal injury rates using evidence-based injury prevention programs. We propose 7 steps that can be used to facilitate successful design and implementation of evidence-based injury prevention programs within the logical constraints of a real-world setting by identifying implementation barriers and associated solutions. Incorporating these 7 steps along with other models for behavioral health interventions may improve the overall efficacy of military and sport-related injury prevention programs.

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Prevention of Physical Training–Related Injuries

Cited by 144 publications

References 246 publications

Residential Traffic Exposure and Childhood Leukemia

Residential Traffic Exposure and Childhood Leukemia

Is High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT)/CrossFit Safe for Military Fitness Training?

Seven Steps for Developing and Implementing a Preventive Training Program

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