Prevention of Lingual Nerve Injury in Third Molar Surgery: Literature Review

Pippi, Roberto; Spota, Andrea; Santoro, M.

doi:10.1016/j.joms.2016.12.040

Cited by 38 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…IANB could injure the LN and IAN by direct needle insertion, chemical trauma, and hematoma [ 4 - 7 ]. Although the actual incidence of LN and IAN injury due to the injection itself has not been reported in the English literature [ 8 ], the incidence of permanent injury to the LN, IAN, or both is between 1 in 26,762 and 1 in 160,571 IANBs [ 9 ]. The IANB procedure more frequently injures the LN than the IAN [ 9 - 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomical Study of the Lingual Nerve and Inferior Alveolar Nerve in the Pterygomandibular Space: Complications of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block

Iwanaga

Choi

Vetter

et al. 2018

Cureus

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The inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) procedure delivers anesthetics to the pterygomandibular space through which the lingual nerve (LN) and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) travel. Injury to the LN has been reported more often than injury to the IAN. However, the number of anatomical studies of LN injury is limited. We aimed to establish evidence by investigating LN and IAN anatomy at the level of the mandibular foramen (MF). Forty-four sides from 22 Caucasian cadaveric heads (16 fresh-frozen and six formalin-fixed cadavers) were used in this study. The LN and IAN were laterally dissected, and the diameter and the distance between the two nerves were measured at the level of the MF. The mean diameters of the LN and IAN were 2.57 mm and 2.53 mm in fresh-frozen specimens and 2.97 mm and 2.93 mm in formalin-fixed specimens, respectively. The mean diameters of the LN and IAN in all the specimens were 2.65 mm and 2.64 mm. The distance between the posterior edge of the LN and anterior edge of the IAN at the level of the MF ranged from 1.62 to 8.36 mm with a mean of 5.33 ± 1.88 mm. These findings could elucidate the risk of LN injury during the IANB procedure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study offered a possible explanation by counting the number of fascicles histologically [ 12 ]; there were fewer LN fascicles in the area of needle insertion. Also, the LN is more likely to be exposed to the needle than the IAN at the injection site [ 8 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Study of the Lingual Nerve and Inferior Alveolar Nerve in the Pterygomandibular Space: Complications of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block

Iwanaga

Choi

Vetter

et al. 2018

Cureus

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“…The lingual nerve is frequently injured during routine oral surgery, including third molar removal, dental implant surgery, or inferior alveolar nerve block injection . Lingual nerve injury is known to cause severe persistent pain in the tongue , and patients complain of various oral functional deficits such as interruption in speech, mastication, and many other daily activities .…”

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confidence: 99%

Interaction between calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐immunoreactive neurons and satellite cells via P2Y₁₂R in the trigeminal ganglion is involved in neuropathic tongue pain in rats

Sugawara

Okada

Katagiri

et al. 2017

European J Oral Sciences

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The P2Y receptor expressed in satellite cells of the trigeminal ganglion is thought to contribute to neuropathic pain. The functional interaction between neurons and satellite cells via P2Y receptors and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) underlying neuropathic pain in the tongue was evaluated in this study. Expression of P2Y receptor was enhanced in pERK1/2-immunoreactive cells encircling trigeminal ganglion neurons after lingual nerve crush. The administration to lingual nerve crush rats of a selective P2Y receptor antagonist, MRS2395, attenuated tongue hypersensitivity to mechanical and heat stimulation and suppressed the increase in the relative numbers of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive neurons and neurons encircled by pERK1/2-immunoreactive cells. Administration of the P2Y receptor agonist, 2-(methylthio)adenosine 5'-diphosphate trisodium salt hydrate (2-MeSADP), to naïve rats induced neuropathic pain in the tongue, as in lingual nerve crush rats. Co-administration of 2-MeSADP + MRS2395 to naïve rats did not result in hypersensitivity of the tongue. The relative number of CGRP-immunoreactive neurons increased following this co-administration, but to a lesser degree than observed in 2-MeSADP-administrated naïve rats, and the relative number of neurons encircled by pERK1/2-immunoreactive cells did not change. These results suggest that the interaction between activated satellite cells and CGRP-immunoreactive neurons via P2Y receptors contributes to neuropathic pain in the tongue associated with lingual nerve injury.

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“…The inferior alveolar nerve block, which is performed in both routine tooth extraction and complex oral treatments, can block the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves simultaneously because of their proximity. Postanesthetic numbness often persists because of this topographical relationship (Cheung et al ; Xu et al ; Pippi et al ). Thus, the lingual nerve can be routinely exposed to injury during anesthetic and oral surgical procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of the lingual nerve: Application to oral surgery

et al. 2019

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The purpose of this research is to obtain morphological information about the traveling route, branching pattern, and distribution within the tongue of the lingual nerve, all of which are important for oral surgical procedures. Using 20 sides from 10 Japanese cadaveric heads, we followed the lingual nerve from its merging point with the chorda tympani to its peripheral terminal in the tongue. We focused on the collateral branches in the area before reaching the tongue and the communication between the lingual and hypoglossal nerves reaching the tongue. The collateral branches of the lingual nerve were distributed in the oral mucosa between the palatoglossal arch and the mandibular molar region. Two to eight collateral branches arose from the main trunk of the nerve, and the configuration of branching was classified into three types. More distally, the lingual nerve started to communicate with the hypoglossal nerve before passing the anterior border of the hyoglossus muscle. Nerve communications were also found in the main body and near the apex of the tongue. A thorough understanding of the collateral branches near the tongue, and the communication with the hypoglossal nerve inside the tongue, will help to prevent functional disorders from local anesthesia and oral surgical procedures associated with the lingual nerve. Clin. Anat. 32:635–641, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Prevention of Lingual Nerve Injury in Third Molar Surgery: Literature Review

Cited by 38 publications

References 79 publications

Anatomical Study of the Lingual Nerve and Inferior Alveolar Nerve in the Pterygomandibular Space: Complications of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block

Anatomical Study of the Lingual Nerve and Inferior Alveolar Nerve in the Pterygomandibular Space: Complications of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block

Interaction between calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐immunoreactive neurons and satellite cells via P2Y₁₂R in the trigeminal ganglion is involved in neuropathic tongue pain in rats

Anatomy of the lingual nerve: Application to oral surgery

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Prevention of Lingual Nerve Injury in Third Molar Surgery: Literature Review

Cited by 38 publications

References 79 publications

Anatomical Study of the Lingual Nerve and Inferior Alveolar Nerve in the Pterygomandibular Space: Complications of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block

Anatomical Study of the Lingual Nerve and Inferior Alveolar Nerve in the Pterygomandibular Space: Complications of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block

Interaction between calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐immunoreactive neurons and satellite cells via P2Y12R in the trigeminal ganglion is involved in neuropathic tongue pain in rats

Anatomy of the lingual nerve: Application to oral surgery

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Interaction between calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐immunoreactive neurons and satellite cells via P2Y₁₂R in the trigeminal ganglion is involved in neuropathic tongue pain in rats