Prevention of iron deficiency and psychomotor decline in high-risk infants through use of iron-fortified infant formula: A randomized clinical trial

Moffatt, Michael; Longstaffe, Sally; Besant, J.; Dureski, C.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(94)70003-6

Cited by 164 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Several studies that included iron therapy for at least 2 months showed that IDA youngsters obtained lower scores on a scale of motor development (Idjradinata & Pollitt, 1993;Grindulis et al, 1986) than iron replete infants and toddlers. Another study obtained similar results, but it was dependent on the age of the infants (Moffat et al, 1994). In this prevention trial, 6-month old babies were randomized to receive either an iron forti®ed formula or a regular formula for 9 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Effects of an energy and micronutrient supplement on iron deficiency anemia, physical activity and motor and mental development in undernourished children in Indonesia

Harahap¹,

Jahari²,

Husaini³

et al. 2000

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objectives: This paper reports the effects of an energy and micronutrient supplementation on mental and motor development, activity and behavior under natural conditions of children classi®ed as iron de®cient anemic and iron replete. Design: Children were randomly assigned to two different nutritional supplements: (1) 12 mg iron either 1171 or 209 kJ; (2) 104 kJ 0 iron. Treatment lasted for 6 months. Setting: The sites were six tea plantations in Pangalengan, West Java. Subjects: Eighteen anemic subjects (hemoglobin`110 gaL; transferrin saturation (TS)`16%) and 18 matched (sex and age) controls (hemoglobin b 110 gaL; TS b 16%) were selected from a pool of children with the following characteristics: no chronic disease; length-for-age 7 1 standard deviation (s.d.) and weight-forlength between 71 and 72 s.d. of the median of the reference of the World Health Organization. Methods: Hemoglobin, ferritin, transferrin saturation and erythrocyte protoporphyrin were evaluated before and 6 months after treatment. The following psychological measurements were obtained at baseline and 2, 4 and 6 months later. Mental and motor development was evaluated with the Bayley Scale. Motor activity was measured by 4 h continuous observations at home and at day care centers. The interactions between the child and its social and physical environment were also evaluated during 4 h of observations. Results: Anemic children showed faster motor development and greater physical activity than the control children did. None of the other tests showed inter-group differences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Effects of an energy and micronutrient supplement on iron deficiency anemia, physical activity and motor and mental development in undernourished children in Indonesia

Harahap¹,

Jahari²,

Husaini³

et al. 2000

Eur J Clin Nutr

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show abstract

“…Although iron deficiency in infancy is typically associated with other nutritional deficiencies and with socioeconomic deprivation, a causal relationship between iron deficiency and behavioral deficits can be supported in appropriately designed studies with prophylactic iron supplements [45,49]. In addition, diet-induced iron deprivation during development has been demonstrated to influence concurrent and subsequent behavioral performance in rodent models [4,17,37,53,67].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral consequences of developmental iron deficiency in infant rhesus monkeys

Golub

Hogrefe

Germann

et al. 2006

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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Human studies have shown that iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in infants are associated with behavioral impairment, but the periods of brain development most susceptible to iron deficiency have not been established. In the present study, rhesus monkeys were deprived of iron by dietary iron restriction during prenatal (n = 14, 10 μg Fe/g diet) or early postnatal (n = 12, 1.5 mg Fe/L formula) brain development and compared to controls (n = 12, 100 μg Fe/g diet, 12 mg Fe/L formula) in behavioral evaluations conducted during the first four months of life in the nonhuman primate nursery. Iron deficiency anemia was detected in the pregnant dams in the third trimester and compromised iron status was seen in the prenatally iron-deprived infants at birth, but no iron deficiency was seen in either the prenatally or postnatally iron-deprived infants during the period of behavioral evaluation. Neither prenatal nor postnatal iron deprivation led to significant delays in growth, or gross or fine motor development. Prenatally deprived infants demonstrated a 20% reduced spontaneous activity level, lower inhibitory response to novel environments, and more changes from one behavior to another in weekly observation sessions. Postnatally deprived infants demonstrated poorer performance of an object concept task, and greater emotionality relative to controls. This study indicates that different syndromes of behavioral effects are associated with prenatal and postnatal iron deprivation in rhesus monkey infants and that these effects can occur in the absence of concurrent iron deficiency as reflected in hematological measures.

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“…Among preventive trials with healthy full-term infants in the 6-24 month range, one in Canada showed lower motor scores at 9 and/or 12 months in the group that did not receive prophylactic iron (Moffatt, Longstaffe, Besant, & Dureski, 1994). A large study in Chile (n = 1657) found that infants who did not receive iron crawled somewhat later and more were rated as tremulous .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of iron deficiency in infancy on patterns of motor development over time

Shafir

Angulo-Barroso

Calatroni

et al. 2006

Human Movement Science

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This longitudinal study of the effects of iron deficiency in infancy assessed motor development over time in 185 healthy Costa Rican children who varied in iron status at 12-23 months. Longitudinal analyses (hierarchical linear modeling) used the Bayley Psychomotor Index before and both 1 week and 3 months after iron treatment in infancy and the Bruninks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency -long form at 5 years and short form at 11-14 years. Children with chronic severe iron deficiency in infancy had lower motor scores at the beginning of the study and a lower but parallel trajectory for motor scores through early adolescence. Thus, there was no evidence of catch-up in motor development, despite iron therapy in infancy that corrected iron deficiency anemia in all cases.

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Prevention of iron deficiency and psychomotor decline in high-risk infants through use of iron-fortified infant formula: A randomized clinical trial

Cited by 164 publications

References 39 publications

Effects of an energy and micronutrient supplement on iron deficiency anemia, physical activity and motor and mental development in undernourished children in Indonesia

Effects of an energy and micronutrient supplement on iron deficiency anemia, physical activity and motor and mental development in undernourished children in Indonesia

Behavioral consequences of developmental iron deficiency in infant rhesus monkeys

Effects of iron deficiency in infancy on patterns of motor development over time

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