Prevention of infection spreading by cleaning and disinfecting: Different approaches and difficulties in communicating

Vitali, Matteo; Agolini, G

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2005.05.026

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The global spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) threatens public health worldwide, and healthcare professionals are at increased risk due to their close contact with infected patients. Physicians have reported that National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-certified N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs), which filter 95% of airborne particles [ 1 ], were the personal protective equipment (PPE) that they felt protected them most during the last serious coronavirus outbreak in 2003 (SARS-CoV-1) [ 2 ]. Correspondingly, N95 FFRs are currently recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to be donned by healthcare professionals treating patients with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decontaminating N95 and SN95 masks with ultraviolet germicidal irradiation does not impair mask efficacy and safety

O’Hearn

Gertsman

Sampson

et al. 2020

Journal of Hospital Infection

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Summary Inadequate supply of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) for healthcare workers during a pandemic such as the novel coronavirus outbreak (SARS-CoV-2) is a serious public health issue. The aim of this study was to synthesize existing data on the effectiveness of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) for N95 FFR decontamination. A systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42020176156) was conducted on UVGI in N95 FFRs using Embase, Medline, Global Health, Google Scholar, WHO feed, and MedRxiv. Two reviewers independently determined eligibility and extracted predefined variables. Original research reporting on function, decontamination, or mask fit following UVGI were included. Thirteen studies were identified, comprising 54 UVGI intervention arms and 58 N95 models. FFRs consistently maintained certification standards following UVGI. Aerosol penetration averaged 1.19% (0.70–2.48%) and 1.14% (0.57–2.63%) for control and UVGI arms, respectively. Airflow resistance for the control arms averaged 9.79 mm H 2 O (7.97–11.70 mm H 2 O) vs 9.85 mm H 2 O (8.33–11.44 mm H 2 O) for UVGI arms. UVGI protocols employing a cumulative dose >20,000 J/m 2 resulted in a 2-log reduction in viral load. A >3-log reduction was observed in seven UVGI arms using >40,000 J/m 2 . Impact of UVGI on fit was evaluated in two studies (16,200; 32,400 J/m 2 ) and no evidence of compromise was found. Our findings suggest that further work in this area (or translation to a clinical setting) should use a cumulative UV-C dose of 40,000 J/m 2 or greater, and confirm appropriate mask fit following decontamination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decontaminating N95 and SN95 masks with ultraviolet germicidal irradiation does not impair mask efficacy and safety

O’Hearn

Gertsman

Sampson

et al. 2020

Journal of Hospital Infection

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE), including N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs), are common during pandemics. The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends N95 FFRs, which filter 95% of airborne particles[ 1 ], as the preferred PPE when entering the room of a patient with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, and that an N95 FFR should be worn during all aerosol generating procedures[ 2 ]. Unfortunately, during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, some hospitals and healthcare workers are faced with an inadequate supply of N95 FFRs[ 3 , 4 ] while also dealing with an increase in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and safety of disinfectants for decontamination of N95 and SN95 filtering facepiece respirators: a systematic review

O’Hearn

Gertsman

Webster

et al. 2020

Journal of Hospital Infection

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Background Decontaminating and re-using filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) for healthcare workers is a potential solution to address inadequate FFR supply during a global pandemic. Aim The objective of this review was to synthesize existing data on the effectiveness and safety of using chemical disinfectants to decontaminate N95 FFRs. Methods We conducted a systematic review on disinfectants to decontaminate N95 FFRs using Embase, Medline, Global Health, Google Scholar, WHO feed, and MedRxiv. Two reviewers independently determined study eligibility and extracted predefined data fields. Original research reporting on N95 FFR function, decontamination, safety, or FFR fit following decontamination with a disinfectant was included. Findings and Conclusions A single cycle of vaporized hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) successfully removes viral pathogens without affecting airflow resistance or fit, and maintains an initial filter penetration of <5%, with little change in FFR appearance. Residual hydrogen peroxide levels following decontamination were within safe limits. More than one decontamination cycle of vaporized H 2 O 2 may be possible but further information is required on how multiple cycles would affect FFR fit in a real world setting before the upper limit can be established. Although immersion in liquid H 2 O 2 does not appear to adversely affect FFR function, there is no available data on its ability to remove infectious pathogens from FFRs or its impact on FFR fit. Sodium hypochlorite, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and ethylene oxide are not recommended due to safety concerns or negative effects on FFR function.

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Sterilization, Disinfection, and Antisepsis

Schmidt¹

2015

Practical Handbook of Microbiology, Third Edition

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Prevention of infection spreading by cleaning and disinfecting: Different approaches and difficulties in communicating

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Decontaminating N95 and SN95 masks with ultraviolet germicidal irradiation does not impair mask efficacy and safety

Decontaminating N95 and SN95 masks with ultraviolet germicidal irradiation does not impair mask efficacy and safety

Efficacy and safety of disinfectants for decontamination of N95 and SN95 filtering facepiece respirators: a systematic review

Sterilization, Disinfection, and Antisepsis

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