Prevention of in-stent restenosis with endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) capture stent placement combined with regional EPC transplantation: An atherosclerotic rabbit model

Abstract

Background: Even with drug-eluting stents, the risk of in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains high.

Animal Models of Neointimal Hyperplasia and Restenosis

“…The substantial composition closely resembles those of humans, and neointima formation can be detected on histologic and molecular levels ( 95 ). In models of stent injury combined with a high cholesterol diet, in-stent restenosis with neointimal formation develops within 1 month ( 96 , 97 ).…”

Restenosis after Coronary Stent Implantation: Cellular Mechanisms and Potential of Endothelial Progenitor Cells (A Short Guide for the Interventional Cardiologist)

“…EPC proliferation, nitric oxide production and resistance to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis were increased in this model [94]. In rabbits, implantation of a PC-capturing stent expressing anti-CD34 and anti-VEGFR-2 antibodies followed by PC infusion decreased neointima proliferation, in-stent restenosis and thrombus formation but had no impact on neointimal hyperplasia inhibition [95].…”

MRI tracing of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle‑labeled endothelial progenitor cells for repairing atherosclerotic vessels in rabbits

“…The vessels in the lesion area were separated in the model group. The rabbits were euthanized by intramuscular injection with 16 mg/kg Lumianning and intravenous injection with 80 mg/kg propofol; the rabbits died immediately due to cardiac blood conduction and respiratory inhibition, and the death was painless as xylazine (one of the main ingredients of Lumianning alongside dihydroetorphine hydrochloride) is an anesthetic ( 52 – 56 ). In the control group, the vessels in the corresponding area were fixed with 3% formaldehyde at 4°C for 24 h, embedded in paraffin and sectioned into 5-µm sections.…”