Prevention of iatrogenic bile duct injuries in difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomies: is the naso-biliary drain the answer?

Abstract

ENBDC is a useful and safe tool in the prevention of iatrogenic bile duct injuries in LC.

Efficacy and safety of early cholecystectomy for comorbid acute cholecystitis and acute cholangitis: Retrospective cohort study

“…Among the various biliary drainage types, ENBD is used in our institute because successful drainage can be confirmed by checking the amount of bile juice during the perioperative period. Consistent with the findings of a previous study, cholangiography by ENBD is a useful and safe tool for preventing iatrogenic bile duct injury [ 25 ]. Intraoperative cholangiography by ENBD can be performed in severe inflammation cases in which dissecting Calot's triangle is difficult.…”

ENBD tube placement prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy may reduce the rate of complications in cases with predictably complicating biliary anomalies

“…There have been commensurate reports advocating preoperative placement of ENBD tubes or endoscopic nasogallbladder drainage (ENGBD) tubes for the same purpose in cases of acute cholecystitis complicated by severe inflammation or bile duct anomalies [1,8,10].…”

“…This technique was first proposed by Uchiyama et al in 2006 and was advocated by several others especially for situations prone to bile duct injury, such as acute cholecystitis, anticipated severe inflammation, and the presence of bile duct anomalies [1,[8][9][10]. However, these previous reports were based on only a small number of cases.…”

Endoscopic nasobiliary tube drain (ENBTD) prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute± complicated cholecystitis: Influence on the rate of complications

“…Therefore, considering the many adverse influences on the patients and the postoperative outcomes, it is desirable to select the subgroup of patients who are more prone to develop AC. 7,8 Furthermore, for the patients at high risk of developing AC, it is better to operate before AC develops. 8 In the present study, multiple factors are considered high risk for AC on multivariate analysis.…”