Prevention of Yersinia enterocolitica, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Pseudomonas putida outgrowth in deliberately inoculated blood by a novel pathogen‐reduction process

Zavizion, Boris; Serebryanik, Diana; Serebryanik, Irina; Chapman, John; Purmal, Andrei A.

doi:10.1046/j.1537-2995.2003.00294.x

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…such as Y. enterocolitica and K. oxytoca. The growth kinetics were found to be comparable to those previously reported in the literature (29).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The 4°C storage of RBCC strongly influences the reliability of being able to detect bacteria in contaminated units because the lag phase before the bacteria start to proliferate can be very long; even psychrophilic bacteria remain in a nondividing state for up to 10 days (29). The possibility of screening the donated unit for bacterial contamination immediately after collection is not practical, however, as the level of contaminating bacteria in the unit is, in the majority of cases, too low to ensure representation and detection in the test sample volume removed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Bacteria in Red Blood Cell Concentrates by the Scansystem Method

Ribault¹,

Faucon²,

Grave³

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

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Bacterial contamination remains one of the major risks associated with blood product transfusion. The kinetics of bacterial growth in red blood cell concentrates (RBCC) is different than otherwise due to storage at 4°C, conditions in which most bacteria do not survive. Psychrophilic bacteria such as Yersinia enterocolitica, however, can proliferate from a very low level of contamination to clinically significant levels at 4°C and are known to cause severe transfusion-related infections. A screening method allowing the early detection of very low levels of bacteria in RBCC would improve transfusion safety. The Scansystem method has been previously described for detection of bacteria in platelet concentrates. We present here a modification of the system for detection of low levels of bacteria in RBCC. The Scansystem RBC kit protocol requires three steps, i.e., the agglutination and selective removal of RBCs, a labeling stage during which bacteria are labeled with a DNA-specific fluorophore, and finally recovery of bacteria on the surface of a black membrane for analysis using the Scansystem. The entire procedure from sampling to result can be completed in 90 min. Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in RBCC are detected with a higher sensitivity than with currently available culture-based methods. The Scansystem RBC kit is shown to be sensitive enough to identify low-level bacterial contamination in a single unit tested in a pool of up to 20 RBCC samples (detection limit of between 1 and 10 CFU/ml depending on the bacterial strain). The method therefore lends itself to incorporation into high-sample-throughput screening programs.Due to the availability of highly sensitive virus screening kits, in donated blood products bacterial contamination, now the greatest risk for patients receiving a transfusion, is found 50 to 250 times more frequently than viral infection such as human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis virus, or human T-cell lymphotropic virus infection. Transfusion-related bacterial infections are usually associated with a rapid onset of sepsis with high mortality rates (4, 16). Platelet concentrate preparations are known to carry a greater risk of bacterial infections, as they are required to be stored at 20 to 24°C (3, 6, 7, 10). With the significantly higher number of red blood cell concentrates (RBCC) transfused, however, the incidence of transfusionassociated bacterial contamination is similar (5,11,18,28). In the French Bacthem case-control study, 41 bacterium-related transfusion reactions were reported during a 2-year period, including 25 following transfusion with RBCC, with 4 fatalities, and 16 following platelet transfusion, with 2 fatalities (23).Currently, the examination of the RBCC bag for evidence of hemolysis just prior to transfusion is the only screening method carried out to check for bacterial contamination (12). However, visual inspection is subjective, and hemolysis also occurs in noncontaminated units nearing the end of their shelf life. Identification of low levels of bact...

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“…such as Y. enterocolitica and K. oxytoca. The growth kinetics were found to be comparable to those previously reported in the literature (29).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Bacteria in Red Blood Cell Concentrates by the Scansystem Method

Ribault¹,

Faucon²,

Grave³

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

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“…In another report, S marcescens contamination was attributed to bacteria in the saline solution used for the tranquilization of the donor cats. Also P fluorescens and P putida have been isolated from heparinized saline flush syringes, and from the phlebotomy site . In addition, leaky seals, damaged tubing, or micro‐punctures in collection bags have been linked to episodes of bacterial sepsis in human medicine .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of bacterial contamination andDNAquantification in stored blood units in 2 veterinary hospital blood banks

Stefanetti

Miglio

Cappelli

et al. 2016

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Blood transfusions in veterinary medicine have become increasingly more common and are now an integral part of lifesaving and advanced treatment in small and large animals. Important risks associated with transfusion of blood products include the transmission of various infectious diseases. Several guidelines suggest what infectious agents to screen for in canine and feline transfusion medicine. However, while the risk of bacterial contamination of blood products during storage and administration has not been documented in veterinary medicine, it has emerged as a cause of morbidity and mortality in human transfusion medicine. Clinical experience shows that the majority of blood component bacterial contaminations are caused by only a few species. Unlike other types of bacteria, psychrotolerant species like Pseudomonas spp. and Serratia spp. can proliferate during the storage of blood units at 4°C from a very low titer at the time of blood collection to a clinically significant level (> 10(5) CFU/mL) causing clinical sepsis resulting from red blood cell concentrate transfusions in human medicine. The purpose of this report was to describe the detection and quantification procedures applied in 4 cases of bacterial contamination of canine and feline blood units, which suggest the need for further investigations to optimize patients' safety in veterinary transfusion medicine.

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“…Under these conditions, ≥ 5·5 log 10 of Sindbis virus, ≥ 6·3 log 10 of VSV, ≥ 6·4 log 10 of BVDV, ≥ 6·5 log 10 of PRV, ≥ 6·0 log 10 of PPV, ≥ 6·5 log 10 of reovirus 3, ≥ 4·7 log 10 of Adenovirus‐2, ≥ 6·6 log 10 of vesicular exanthema of swine virus, ≥ 6·7 log 10 of foot and mouth disease virus, ≥ 6·7 log 10 of bluetongue virus, ≥ 7 log 10 of WNV, ≥ 5 log 10 DHBV, as well as ≥ 5·57 log 10 of extracellular HIV‐1 and ≥ 4·5 log 10 of cell‐associated HIV were inactivated [41–44]. Other studies demonstrated complete prevention of the outgrowth of 10–100 CFU/ml of Yersinia enterocolitica , Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida during 42 ‐day storage of RBCs treated with 0·1% PEN110 for 24 h [45] and inactivation of ≥ 5·6 log10 of Acinetobacter lwoffii , ≥ 6·1 log 10 Acinetobacter johnsonii , ≥ 4 log 10 of Clostridium perfringens and ≥ 5 log 10 of Proprionibacterium acnes [46]. In another study, all detectable Babesia microti (by hamster assay), Plasmodium falciparum (by culture assay) and Trypanosoma cruzi (by culture and mouse assay) in blood were inactivated by treatment with 0·1% PEN110 at 23°C for 24 h [47].…”

Section: Akylating Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing pathogen reduction technologies for RBC suspensions

Wagner

2010

Vox Sanguinis

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Numerous studies have evaluated a wide variety of photosensitizers and alkylating agents as candidates for a pathogen reduction process to be used in RBC suspensions. The methodologies that produce robust inactivation of pathogens with maintenance of RBC properties during storage involve those that specifically target nucleic acids. This has been demonstrated through in vitro studies by flexible photosensitizers, which specifically target nucleic acid but do not engage in photochemistry when free in solution and nucleic acid alkylating agents in conjunction with extracellular quencher(s) to protect against RBC membrane alkylation. The flexible photosensitizer method must be scaled up to entire units, and toxicology studies would need to be performed for further development. Clinical trials will ultimately be necessary to further develop either flexible photosensitizers or nucleic acid alkylating methods with quenchers for use in Transfusion Medicine.

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Prevention of Yersinia enterocolitica, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Pseudomonas putida outgrowth in deliberately inoculated blood by a novel pathogen‐reduction process

Abstract: The INACTINE process effectively prevented the outgrowth of Y. enterocolitica, P. fluorescens, and P. putida deliberately inoculated into WBC-reduced CPD/AS-1 and CP2D/AS-3 RBCs. The results demonstrated the crucial bactericidal role of PEN110 in the INACTINE process.

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Detection of Bacteria in Red Blood Cell Concentrates by the Scansystem Method

Detection of Bacteria in Red Blood Cell Concentrates by the Scansystem Method

Detection of bacterial contamination andDNAquantification in stored blood units in 2 veterinary hospital blood banks

Developing pathogen reduction technologies for RBC suspensions

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