Prevention of hypotension during induction of anesthesia with propofol and fentanyl: Comparison of preloading with crystalloid and intravenous ephedrine.

Propofol Compared to Etomidate Inductions and Attenuating Propofol Induced Hypotension

“…The control group had a hypotension incidence of 67.5%, while the ephedrine group that received 0.2 mg/kg showed 22.5% hypotension. Similar attenuation or complete prevention of hypotension were reported in eight other studies using ephedrine 0.1 mg/kg or 10-20 mg boluses [8][9][10]12,15,16]. El Tahan [6] also found that ephedrine improves ventricular contractility without causing relevant changes of left ventricular afterload.…”

“…Dosing of ephedrine varied from single bolus dosing to weight based dosing ranging from 10-15 mg to 0.07-0.2 mg/kg [6,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Most trials had a timeframe for recording vitals ranging from 4-6 minutes with all trials showing similar results in this time frame.…”

Effect of Preanesthetic Fluid Loading on Postinduction Hypotension and Advanced Cardiac Parameters in Patients with Chronic Compressive Cervical Myelopathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…A lower incidence (52 vs. 84%) of postinduction hypotension was observed with 20 mL/kg of Ringer's lactate preloading as compared with no preloading. 14 Another study also documented lower incidence (12.5 vs. 57.5%) of postinduction hypotension with 6 mL/kg crystalloid loading as compared with control. 15 Similarly, lower incidence (41.5 vs. 56.6%) of postinduction hemodynamic instability was seen with preinduction preloading of 8 mL/kg Ringer's acetate as compared with no preloading.…”

“…The sample size was calculated for our primary objective (postinduction hypotension) based on a similar study where the incidence of hypotension was 52% versus 84% at 3 minutes postinduction in preloading versus no preloading groups. 14 Considering an α error of 5 and 80% power, 30 patients in each group were deemed appropriate.…”