Prevention of HIV Infection by Passive Immunization with HIV Immunoglobulin

Abstract

The use of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) immune globulin (HIVIG) in prevention of HIV infection in chimpanzees was investigated in the hope of ultimate application to interruption of vertical transmission. In previous experiments, no protection was observed when relatively high challenge doses were used. This study shows that HIVIG protected against a challenge dose (10 CID50) tenfold lower than that used previously. The protected animal remained free of HIV infection as determined by cocultivation and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and did not mount a primary immune response detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and neutralization assays. These results imply that HIV vaccines should induce neutralizing antibody and may not need to induce cell-mediated immunity in order to be protective against exposure to HIV. They also provide an experimental basis for the conduct of clinical trials to evaluate prevention of maternal-infant transmission by HIVIG.

Efficient replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and measles virus in a human-to-mouse graft versus host disease model permits immunization research

“…3). This is consistent with studies of patients, where HIVIG did not clear HIV either (Prince et al, 1991). However, some beneficial effect cannot be excluded, as in our murine model and in patients these antibodies appear to reduce the number of infected cells significantly (Figs 1 and 3; Prince et al, 1991).…”

“…The antiserum used was the anti-HIV-1 immunoglobulin (HIVIG) (Schuitemaker et al, 1993a, b). This contains polyclonal specific anti-HIV-1 antibodies (Schuitemaker et al, 1993a, b;Prince et al, 1988Prince et al, , 1991. Active immunization studies are described for the MV vaccines because HIV-I vaccines have not been shown to give effective protection.…”

The Genetic Bottleneck in Vertical Transmission of Subtype C HIV-1 Is Not Driven by Selection of Especially Neutralization-Resistant Virus from the Maternal Viral Population

“…Animal studies have demonstrated that neutralizing antibodies elicited by a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccine can at least slow disease progression (56), while direct administration of antibodies matched to the chal-lenge virus can block transmission (16,44). Studies of natural MCTC have yielded conflicting results (2,3,7,20,26,31,32,48), although possibly for identifiable reasons.…”

V3-specific neutralizing antibodies in sera from HIV-1 gp160-immunized volunteers block virus fusion and act synergistically with human monoclonal antibody to the conformation-dependent CD4 binding site of gp120. NIH-NIAID AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network.

“…Vaccine protection also has been reported in a number of trials using the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)' /macaque model (for review see reference 6). Serum antibody responses might be an important element of vaccine protection because hyper-immune globulin prepared from asymptomatic, seropositive humans or macaques, protected chimpanzees from HIV-1 infection (7,8), and macaques from HIV-2 and SIV infection (9), respectively. Protection from HIV-l infection has also been observed in chimpanzees that had been passively immunized with a neutralizing human monoclonal antibody ( 10).…”