Prevention of Drowning

Rivara, Frederick P.

doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2008.277

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In addition, CPR training 3,5,7,8,28,30,34 ; swimming lessons [7][8][9]35,36 ; water safety training 3,7,28,32 ; posting warning signs, emergency telephone numbers, and CPR instructions by the pool 3,5,7,28,30 ; having a telephone available by the pool 7,28,30 ; and keeping life preservers, life jackets, and a shepherd's crook by the pool 7,30 are also recommended. Each strategy has pros and cons, and some are more practical than others.…”

Section: Wading Pool Submersionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Submersion Events in Portable Above-Ground Pools in the United States, 2001–2009

Shields

Pollack-Nelson²,

Smith

2011

Pediatrics

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OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to describe the epidemiology of pediatric submersion events occurring in portable pools in the United States. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of fatal and nonfatal submersion events involving children younger than 12 years in portable pools was conducted using injury and fatality data compiled by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission from 2001 through 2009. RESULTS: There were 209 fatal and 35 nonfatal submersion cases reported to the commission from 2001 through 2009. The majority (94%) involved children younger than 5 years, 56% involved boys, 73% occurred in the child's own yard, and 81% occurred during the summer months. The number of submersion events increased rapidly from 2001 to 2005 and then leveled off from 2005 to 2009. CONCLUSIONS: The use of portable pools in residential settings poses a significant risk of submersion-related morbidity and mortality to children, especially in the <5-year-old age group. No single strategy will prevent all submersion deaths and injuries; therefore, layers of protection are recommended. Industry is advised to engage in development of protective devices that are effective and affordable for portable pools, including isolation fencing, pool alarms, and safety covers. A strong and pervasive consumer education campaign is needed to make consumers aware of the dangers of portable pools, because these small, inexpensive, consumer-installed pools may not generate the same sense of risk as an in-ground pool.

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Section: Wading Pool Submersionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Submersion Events in Portable Above-Ground Pools in the United States, 2001–2009

Shields

Pollack-Nelson²,

Smith

2011

Pediatrics

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“…36 Thus, drowning is a major cause of death in the United States and other countries and has an incidence quite similar to the incidence of SCD in athletes. 37 In mountaineering, there is a very high rate of death due predominantly to falls. Indeed, the American Alpine club has documented 1373 fatal accidents between 1951 and 2003.…”

Section: Link and Estes Sudden Death In Athletes 2513mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden Cardiac Death in the Athlete

Link

Estes

2012

Circulation

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“…However, there has been little evidence of the effectiveness of any strategy, other than in home swimming pools, where fencing has been enacted and legislation implemented to ensure compliance . Lack of parent or carer supervision has been identified as a key factor in child drowning in public swimming pools; therefore, strategies to address this issue are required . Supervision is a complex activity, using multiple sensory domains of touch, hearing and sight for it to work at its peak efficiency .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of a pilot intervention program to change parent supervision behaviour at Australian public swimming pools

Matthews¹,

Franklin

2018

Health Prom J of Aust

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Supervision behaviour of parents can be modified, and the implications of these results for the community through to practice and policy are discussed. SO WHAT?: Targeted public education programs provide an effective way of improving parental supervision of children at public swimming pools. Such education programs should be widely implemented throughout public swimming pools, as one part of a comprehensive approach to drowning prevention.

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Prevention of Drowning

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Pediatric Submersion Events in Portable Above-Ground Pools in the United States, 2001–2009

Pediatric Submersion Events in Portable Above-Ground Pools in the United States, 2001–2009

Sudden Cardiac Death in the Athlete

Examination of a pilot intervention program to change parent supervision behaviour at Australian public swimming pools

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