Prevention of Cold Injuries during Exercise

Castellani, John W.; Young, Andrew; Ducharme, Michel B.; Giesbrecht, Gordon G.; Glickman, Ellen; Sallis, Robert E.

doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000241641.75101.64

Cited by 288 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…Cardiorespiratory fitness is defined as maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2 peak, mL kg −1 min −1 ) during dynamic exercise and is typically measured during a graded exercise test (Hawkins et al ., 2007). Using this operational definition, the decline in fitness starts around the age of thirty and continues at approximately 10% per decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating ceramides are inversely associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in participants aged 54–96 years from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

Fabbri

Simonsick

et al. 2016

Aging Cell

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SummaryCardiorespiratory fitness (VO 2 peak) declines with age and is an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality in older adults. Identifying biomarkers of low fitness may provide insight for why some individuals experience an accelerated decline of aerobic capacity and may serve as clinically valuable prognostic indicators of cardiovascular health. We investigated the relationship between circulating ceramides and VO 2 peak in 443 men and women (mean age of 69) enrolled in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). Individual species of ceramide were quantified by HPLC–tandem mass spectrometry. VO 2 peak was measured by a graded treadmill test. We applied multiple regression models to test the associations between ceramide species and VO 2 peak, while adjusting for age, sex, blood pressure, serum LDL, HDL, triglycerides, and other covariates. We found that higher levels of circulating C18:0, C20:0, C24:1 ceramides and C20:0 dihydroceramides were strongly associated with lower aerobic capacity (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.018, and P < 0.001, respectively). The associations held true for both sexes (with men having a stronger association than women, P value for sex interaction <0.05) and were unchanged after adjusting for confounders and multiple comparison correction. Interestingly, no significant association was found for C16:0, C22:0, C24:0, C26:0, and C22:1 ceramide species, C24:0 dihydroceramide, or total ceramides. Our analysis reveals that specific long‐chain ceramides strongly associate with low cardiovascular fitness in older adults and may be implicated in the pathogenesis of low fitness with aging. Longitudinal studies are needed to further validate these associations and investigate the relationship between ceramides and health outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating ceramides are inversely associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in participants aged 54–96 years from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

Fabbri

Simonsick

et al. 2016

Aging Cell

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“…Some are caused by accidents, but injuries may also result from poor practices, improper gear or unfavourable environmental conditions. People may be especially at risk of injury in cold environments, although with adequate precautions such types of injuries might be prevented [27]. Engaging in strenuous exercise while being exposed to cold temperatures might also elicit the development of infections, such as infections of the respiratory tracts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health challenges in long-distance dog sled racing: A systematic review of literature

Calogiuri

Weydahl

2017

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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Long-distance dog sled races, e.g. Iditarod (Alaska) and Finnmarksløpet (Northern Norway), are extremely demanding sporting events that might expose mushers, handlers and a large number of organisers and volunteers to risks for their health. The purpose of this systematic literature review (PROSPERO registration n. CRD42017069136) was to identify and summarise all available scientific literature relative to health issues connected to participating in these races. Using a literature search strategy in line with PRISMA guidelines, 117 scientific studies, sought through databases (Google Scholar and PubMed, between 2nd and 9th May 2017) and scrutiny of reference lists, were screened. Studies published in English treating any health issues assessed during or after a long-distance dog sled race were included, with no restriction in relation to their study design or the characteristics of participants studied. The quality of the studies was assessed using a standardised checklist. Ten studies met the criteria for being included in a qualitative analysis. The data synthesis showed that participants underwent strenuous psychophysical load, with insufficient sleep/rest and inadequate energy intake. Findings on hydrations are mixed. The risk of incurring in life-threatening injuries or infections was low, although injuries and infections of minor severity were common. No alterations of blood markers were observed from before to after the races. These findings will help planning prevention and treatment strategies in long-distance dog sled races. However, more research is needed in this field in the future.

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“…Since exposure to cold climate is an inevitable consequence of military training, there is a need for increased focus on prevention and risk factor identification for cold injuries in soldiers [3]. However, there are no evidence-based techniques for identifying individual risk factors for susceptibility to cold injuries [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in peripheral rewarming after cold stress among 255 healthy Norwegian army conscripts assessed by dynamic infrared thermography

Norheim

Borud

Wilsgaard

et al. 2018

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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Exposure to cold climate is an inevitable consequence of military training in Norway. Adequate peripheral microcirculation in the extremities is important to maintain temperature, and to protect against freezing cold injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the variability in skin rewarming ability. The study subjects consisted of 260 healthy Norwegian army conscripts, following a mild cold provocation test (hands immersed in 20°C water for 1 min) using dynamic infrared thermography (DIRT). Thermal images were obtained to investigate any differences in skin rewarming ability of the hand (fingers). DIRT took place under standardised and stable study conditions. Conscripts were characterised as either slow, intermediate or rapid rewarmers. While 90% could recover, partially or completely, within 4 min to the skin temperature values before the provocation test, 10% showed a slow rewarming pattern. In the slow rewarmers, the rewarming ability was correlated with a low average temperature of the hands prior to the cooling test. The healthy young army conscripts in this study showed a large variability in their rewarming ability following a standardised mild cold provocation test.

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Prevention of Cold Injuries during Exercise

Cited by 288 publications

References 144 publications

Circulating ceramides are inversely associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in participants aged 54–96 years from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

Circulating ceramides are inversely associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in participants aged 54–96 years from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

Health challenges in long-distance dog sled racing: A systematic review of literature

Variability in peripheral rewarming after cold stress among 255 healthy Norwegian army conscripts assessed by dynamic infrared thermography

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