Prevention of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease by Novel Antioxidative Supplements

Tadokoro, Koh; Ohta, Yasuyuki; Inufusa, Haruhiko; Loon, Alan Foo Nyuk

doi:10.3390/ijms21061974

Cited by 45 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…It may be modifiable through diet and/or antioxidant supplements [ 49 ]. Antioxidant use as a potential intervention strategy for the prevention and/or treatment of cognitive decline and dementia has been of interest for many years [ 10 , 11 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]. Nonetheless, epidemiologic data on antioxidant vitamins and cognition are not consistent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Executive Function after Short-Term Administration of an Antioxidants Mix Containing Bacopa, Lycopene, Astaxanthin and Vitamin B12: The BLAtwelve Study

et al. 2020

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During the last few years increasing interest has been focused on antioxidants as potentially useful agents in the prevention of the onset and progression of cognitive dysfunction. In this randomized, double-blind, controlled, parallel arm study, the effects of daily consumption of an antioxidant mix on cognitive function in healthy older adults were evaluated. After a 1 week run-in period, 80 subjects aged 60 years or more, and with no evidence of cognitive dysfunction, were randomly allocated to a mix of four bioactive compounds (bacopa, lycopene, astaxanthin, and vitamin B12) or matched placebo, taken orally once a day for 8 weeks. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the changes in trial making test (TMT) scores from baseline to 8 weeks of treatment, analyzed in the following hierarchical order: TMT-B, TMT-A, and TMT-B minus TMT-A. TMT-B increased in the control group (+3.46 s) and decreased in the active group (−17.63 s). The treatment difference was −21.01 s in favor of the active group (95% C.I. −26.80 to −15.2, p < 0.0001). The decrease in TMT-A was significantly higher in the active group (−6.86 s) than in the control group (−0.37 s). TMT-B minus TMT-A increased in the control group (+3.84 s) and decreased in the active group (−10.46 s). The increase in letter fluency in the verbal fluency test (VFT) was also significantly higher in the active group and statistically significant (+5.28 vs. +1.07 words; p < 0.001). Our findings provide encouraging evidence that regular dietary supplementation with bacopa, lycopene, astaxanthin, and vitamin B12 may be an effective dietary approach for counteracting cognitive changes associated with brain aging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Executive Function after Short-Term Administration of an Antioxidants Mix Containing Bacopa, Lycopene, Astaxanthin and Vitamin B12: The BLAtwelve Study

et al. 2020

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“…The process is initiated when reactive oxygen metabolites cause hydrogen abstraction from the methylene group of the carbon–carbon double bond of PUFAs molecules, thus forming a fatty acid radical. These unstable compounds stabilize their molecular structure by forming conjugated dienes with the concomitant production of carbon-centered alkyl radicals [ 33 ]. The oxidation of the carbon-centered alkyl radical with para-magnetic molecular oxygen generates a lipid peroxyl radical that subsequently attacks another PUFAs.…”

Section: Lipid Peroxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Supplementation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review of Human Studies

et al. 2020

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Being characterized by progressive and severe damage in neuronal cells, neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are the major cause of disability and morbidity in the elderly, imposing a significant economic and social burden. As major components of the central nervous system, lipids play important roles in neural health and pathology. Disturbed lipid metabolism, particularly lipid peroxidation (LPO), is associated with the development of many NDDs, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), all of which show elevated levels of LPO products and LPO-modified proteins. Thus, the inhibition of neuronal oxidation might slow the progression and reduce the severity of NDD; natural antioxidants, such as polyphenols and antioxidant vitamins, seem to be the most promising agents. Here, we summarize current literature data that were derived from human studies on the effect of natural polyphenols and vitamins A, C, and E supplementation in patients with AD, PD, and ALS. Although these compounds may reduce the severity and slow the progression of NDD, research gaps remain in antioxidants supplementation in AD, PD, and ALS patients, which indicates that further human studies applying antioxidant supplementation in different forms of NDDs are urgently needed.

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“…Of these, Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are the main typical diseases [1][2][3]. AD is one of the most common NDDs, characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), leading to cognitive deficits [4]. PD is distinguished by progressive and selective loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) [5], while ALS manifests as degeneration and loss of motor neurons (MNs) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Modulation of Microglia Function and Phenotypes in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

Neural Plasticity

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Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is one of the most remarkable hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including AD, PD, and ALS. Accumulating evidence indicates that microglia play both neuroprotective and detrimental roles in the onset and progression of NDDs. Yet, the specific mechanisms of action surrounding microglia are not clear. Modulation of microglia function and phenotypes appears to be a potential strategy to reverse NDDs. Until recently, research into the epigenetic mechanisms of diseases has been gradually developed, making it possible to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the epigenetic regulation of microglia in NDDs. This review highlights the function and phenotypes of microglia, elucidates the relationship between microglia, epigenetic modifications, and NDDs, as well as the possible mechanisms underlying the epigenetic modulation of microglia in NDDs with a focus on potential intervention strategies.

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Prevention of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease by Novel Antioxidative Supplements

Cited by 45 publications

References 139 publications

Improvement of Executive Function after Short-Term Administration of an Antioxidants Mix Containing Bacopa, Lycopene, Astaxanthin and Vitamin B12: The BLAtwelve Study

Improvement of Executive Function after Short-Term Administration of an Antioxidants Mix Containing Bacopa, Lycopene, Astaxanthin and Vitamin B12: The BLAtwelve Study

Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Supplementation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review of Human Studies

Epigenetic Modulation of Microglia Function and Phenotypes in Neurodegenerative Diseases

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