Prevention of Clot Formation in Cat Retinal Vein by Systemic and Subconjunctival Urokinase

Animal Models of Retinal Vein Occlusion

“…In most cases, experimental RVO has been induced by traumatizing one or more retinal veins using laser photocoagulation. [67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92]96,97,101,[104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][115][116][117][118][125][126][127][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139]…”

“…70,80,89,96,97,100,105,127,132,142,146,156,176,178,181,216 Classically, burns are placed approximately 0.5 to 2.0 disc areas from the optic disc, avoiding damage to the retinal arteries. 69,70,74,80,81,92,97,99,117,186,217 Laser photocoagulation is typically done on the slitlamp using a contact lens. [68][69][70][71][72]74,[81][82][83]86,[88][89][90][91][92]97,99,100,104,108,117,126,132,…”

“…69,70,74,80,81,92,97,99,117,186,217 Laser photocoagulation is typically done on the slitlamp using a contact lens. [68][69][70][71][72]74,[81][82][83]86,[88][89][90][91][92]97,99,100,104,108,117,126,132,134,135,137,139,141,186,187,[192][193][194]196 Some studies have combined laser photocoagulation with vitrectomy. 147,[176][177][178] Different types of laser and wavelengths have been used, commonly 514-nm Argon, and their parameters varied depending on the type of laser used, type of animal, and use or not of adjuva...…”

“…In this method, all major branches are irradiated with laser to produce CRVO, [67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75]101,111,142,[157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167] classically 0.5 to 2.0 disc areas from the optic disc, avoiding damaging the retinal arteries. 69,70,74,80,81,92,97,99,117,186,217 Similar to BRVO, laser photocoagulation is typically done on the slit-lamp using a contact lens. [68][69][70][71][72]74,[81][82][83]86,[88][89][90][91][92]97,…”

“…Several animal species have been used to study RVO, including rodents, rabbits, [101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114] cats, [115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124] dogs, [125][126][127] pigs, and nonhuman primates 82,111,129, (Tables 1, 2). Each of these species has its own size and anatomic advantages, but also ethical challenges and cost implications; these have been summarized in Table 3.…”