Prevention of bone loss and fractures in women

Gordan, Gilbert S.

doi:10.1016/0378-5122(84)90039-2

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Although annual incidence per 100,000 may vary from one geographic region to another, identical patterns for these fractures have been observed repeatedly in human groups (Bauer, 1988;Cummings et al, 1985;Farmer et al, 1984;Gordon, 1984;Pogrund et al, 1977;Alhava and Puittinen, 1973;Levine et al, 1970;Chalmers and Ho, 1970;Solomon, 1968;Nordin, 1966;Wong, 1966;Bollet et al, 1965).…”

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confidence: 79%

“…The former represent a group of nonbiological environmental circumstances such as occupational hazards, automobile accidents, geographic location, seasonality, etc. (Bengner and Johnell, 1985;Solgaard and Petersen, 1985;Gordon, 1984). However, among old people endogenous factors play a dominant role in producing elevated risk and increased severity of traumatic injury Bauer, 1960).…”

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confidence: 95%

“…For example, it is estimated that over 225,000 hip fractures occur annually in the United States, and that more than two-thirds of these occur in elderly women Gordon, 1984). The financial costs associated with these injuries has risen from 3.8 to 7 billion dollars per annum over the last 5 years Gordon, 1984).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Primary among these are thromboembolism, pneumonia, and death. Thus, it is not remarkable that hip fractures are now the 12th leading cause of death among the elderly in the United States (Gordon, 1984).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hamann‐Todd collection aging studies: Osteoporosis fracture syndrome

Mensforth

Latimer

1989

American J Phys Anthropol

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The study presents a retrospective analysis of distal radius, proximal femur, vertebral, and sacral fractures that occurred in 938 Hamann-Todd Collection skeletons. Individuals included in the investigation were retrieved from dissecting room cadavers in Cleveland, Ohio, between the years 1910 and 1940. Demographic analysis showed that the mean ages at death for blacks and whites included in the study were 41.9 and 53.8 years, respectively. Evaluations of fracture repair status were made for all fractures that were identified. Observations that document side of involvement and unilateral/bilateral distribution were made for distal radius and hip fractures. It was found that the age-, sex-, and race-related fracture patterns which characterize the early 20th century Hamann-Todd sample strongly correspond in distribution and magnitude to those seen in modern American and European urban industrial communities. The distal radius, hip, vertebral, and sacral fractures which were identified in individuals over 60 years of age appear to be a primary result of skeletal fragility due to age progressive bone loss. However, it is suggested that the early onset and high frequency of distal radius fractures seen in climacteric Caucasian women may be more directly due to accidental falls initiated by a greater frequency, intensity, and duration of vasomotor disturbances which are known to accompanay estrogen withdrawal in perimenopausal white females.

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confidence: 79%

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confidence: 95%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Hamann‐Todd collection aging studies: Osteoporosis fracture syndrome

Mensforth

Latimer

1989

American J Phys Anthropol

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“… The quality of water used for bath preparation and in the rinsing stages after different stages of processing. The automotive finishing technology has undergone significant changes in the past decades because of demand for car with higher corrosion resistance and better quality of surface finishes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The key factors that contributed significantly to the improvement of higher corrosion resistance are the development of new substrates with better inherent corrosion resistance and higher strength, introduction of cathodic electrophoretic paints for priming the car body and development of low temperature tri-cationic phosphating formulation (45˚C O) phase.…”

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confidence: 99%

Importance of Surface Preparation for Corrosion Protection of Automobiles

Debnath¹

2013

JSEMAT

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An overview of science and technology of pretreatment process suitable for automotive finishing with cathodic electrodeposition primer is presented in details in this paper. Both the theoretical principles and practical aspects of tricationic phosphating process that are used in automotive industry are discussed in details. The characteristic features of phosphate coatings of both conventional high zinc phosphating formulations and modern tricationic phosphating formulations on steel surface are compared in details by SEM, EDX and XRD techniques. The corrosion protections of the phosphated and painted steel panels were evaluated by both salt spray test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The analysis of impedance data in terms of pore resistance (Rpo), coating capacitance (Cc) and breakpoint frequency (f b ) as a function of salt spray exposure time provides a clear insight into the mechanism of superior corrosion resistance provided by the modern tricationic phosphating formulations compared with conventional high zinc phosphating formulations.

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Linear densitometry and digital image processing of proximal femur radiographs: Implications for archaeological and forensic anthropology

Macchiarelli

Bondioli

1994

American J Phys Anthropol

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Age- and sex-related patterns of proximal femur trabecular bone loss have previously been used to establish radiographic reference standards for estimating age at death for human skeletal remains. Such standards are of interest to both anthropologists and forensic scientists. However, osteopenia as a physiological phenomenon is dependent on numerous genetic, environmental, and cultural factors. Thus, while general age- and sex-related trends can be clearly observed for trabecular bone loss, such patterns also demonstrate marked variation among individuals of both sexes at all ages. Moreover, clinical evidence shows that rates of bone loss are not steady but episodic, and that radiographically "normal" (i.e., young adult) patterns of trabecular bone architecture can also exist in femora of older individuals, particularly within samples of African origin. In this study, adult proximal femur radiographs were used to explore patterns of age- and sex-related proximal femur cancellous bone involution among a sample of 66 African-American individuals from the Terry collection (33 males and 33 females), ranging in age from 19 to 71 years. The proximal femur radiographs of these subjects were analyzed by digital image processing (DIP), and the results were compared to those obtained by laser linear densitometric analyses (LDA) previously performed on the same series (Macchiarelli et al., 1987). Results of LDA and DIP analyses indicate (a) more pronounced bone density decrease in females; (b) sex- and site-specific structural patterns of proximal femur trabecular bone loss; (c) a high level of individual variability, in which predicted age deviated from real age by as much as 22.26 (males) and 30.78 years (females); (d) a moderate linear correlation with age for all the variables analyzed; and (e) an average discrepancy between known age and predicted age (measured by root mean squared residual values) of 10.34 (males) and 12.71 years (females) for the most satisfactory DIP analysis parameter (recorded at the center of the femoral neck in the equalized images). With regard to estimating adult age at death from radiographic images of proximal femora, it is argued that the amount of useful age information reported for this criterion has been overestimated.

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Prevention of bone loss and fractures in women

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

Hamann‐Todd collection aging studies: Osteoporosis fracture syndrome

Hamann‐Todd collection aging studies: Osteoporosis fracture syndrome

Importance of Surface Preparation for Corrosion Protection of Automobiles

Linear densitometry and digital image processing of proximal femur radiographs: Implications for archaeological and forensic anthropology

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