Prevention of Bacteriophage Adsorption to
            <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
            by Immunoglobulin G

Nordström, Kristina; Forsgren, Arne; Cox, Peter

doi:10.1128/jvi.14.2.203-206.1974

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Transfer of resistance in mixed broth cultures by S. aureus has been described and is dependent on the presence of calcium chloride (12,15,20,21). This transfer process can be abolished by the addition of sodium citrate (12,17) or human sera (12,22,28). Therefore, 1 h before filter mating, calcium chloride, trisodium citrate, EDTA, or lo human serum was added to both donor and recipient cultures, which was also incorporated into the BHI agar plates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of resistance plasmids from Staphylococcus epidermidis to Staphylococcus aureus: evidence for conjugative exchange of resistance

Forbes¹,

Schaberg²

1983

J Bacteriol

165

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The ability of Staphylococcus epidermidis to transfer antimicrobial resistance to Staphylococcus aureus was tested by mixed culture on filter membranes. Two of six clinical isolates examined were able to transfer resistance to S. aureus strains 879R4RF, RN45ORF, and UM1385RF. Subsequent S.aureus transconjugants resulting from matings with S. epidermidis donors were able to serve as donors to other S. aureus strains at similar frequencies. Cell-free and mitomycin C-induced filtrates of donors and transconjugants showed no plaque-forming ability. Addition of DNase I, citrate, EDTA, calcium chloride, and human sera to mating mixes and agar showed no effect on transfer. Nonviable donor cells were unable to transfer resistance and transfer did not occur at 4°C. Cell-to-cell contact was required since transfer did not occur in broth or when filters of donor and recipient, respectively, were placed back-to-back so cells were not in direct contact. Analysis of DNA from S. epidermidis isolate UM899, its subsequent S. aureus transconjugants, and cured derivatives demonstrated that all resistance markers which transferred resided on plasmids. Mating experiments suggested a central role for the gentamicin plasmid pAM899-1 in the transfer process. It is concluded that our results are consistent with a conjugative transfer of resistance from S. epidermidis to S. aureus analogous to plasmid transfer demonstrated in streptococcal species for plasmids such as pAM,1. This represents a novel mechanism for gene exchange among staphylococci.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of resistance plasmids from Staphylococcus epidermidis to Staphylococcus aureus: evidence for conjugative exchange of resistance

Forbes¹,

Schaberg²

1983

J Bacteriol

165

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition to altered phage expression in response to blood in culture media, we found that infectivity of the phage also was diminished, likely through inhibition of adsorption (Figure 5 ) (Martin and White, 1968 ; Nordstrom et al, 1974 ). These results suggest that the transport and adsorption of phage particles, as well as the transmission of phage-encoded genes, may be restricted during MRSA bloodstream infections in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…We found that for both 3MRA and 23MRA there was a decrease in observed PFUs by 1.5 to 2 logs, indicating that infectivity was diminished in the presence of blood (Figure 5B ). Because phage adsorption has previously been shown to be inhibited by immunoglobulins (Martin and White, 1968 ; Nordstrom et al, 1974 ), it is likely that diminished adsorption was responsible for the decrease in infectivity. The fact that infectivity was only partially inhibited (Figure 5B ) suggests the lack of PFUs produced in culture with blood (Figure 5A ) cannot be completely explained by inhibition of adsorption.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of staphylococcal phage with reduced transcription in human blood through transcriptome sequencing

et al. 2015

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Many pathogenic bacteria have bacteriophage and other mobile genetic elements whose activity during human infections has not been evaluated. We investigated the gene expression patterns in human subjects with invasive Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections to determine the gene expression of bacteriophage and other mobile genetic elements. We developed an ex vivo technique that involved direct inoculation of blood from subjects with invasive bloodstream infections into culture media to reduce any potential laboratory adaptation. We compared ex vivo to in vitro profiles from 10 human subjects to determine MRSA gene expression in blood. Using RNA sequencing, we found that there were distinct and significant differences between ex vivo and in vitro MRSA gene expression profiles. Among the major differences between ex vivo and in vitro gene expression were virulence/disease/defense and mobile elements. While transposons were expressed at higher levels ex vivo, lysogenic bacteriophage had significantly higher in vitro expression. Five subjects had MRSA with bacteriophage that were inhibited by the presence of blood in the media, supporting that the lysogeny state was preferred in human blood. Some of the phage produced also had reduced infectivity, further supporting that phage were inhibited by blood. By comparing the gene expression cultured in media with and without the blood of patients, we gain insights into the specific adaptations made by MRSA and its bacteriophage to life in the human bloodstream.

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“…The concept of physiological refuge refers to a phage-sensitive host that gains transient resistance to phage infection due to starvation or other environmental factors [ 166 ]. For example, immunoglobulin G has shown to have a significant inhibiting effect on the adsorption of phages to staphylococci [ 167 ]. Similarly, temperature significantly restricts the adsorption of Listeria phages.…”

Section: Challenges Aheadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Pharmacology of Bacteriophage Therapy: A Focus on Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections

et al. 2021

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common causes of healthcare-associated diseases and is among the top three priority pathogens listed by the World Health Organization (WHO). This Gram-negative pathogen is especially difficult to eradicate because it displays high intrinsic and acquired resistance to many antibiotics. In addition, growing concerns regarding the scarcity of antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) P. aeruginosa infections necessitate alternative therapies. Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that target and infect bacterial cells, and they represent a promising candidate for combatting MDR infections. The aim of this review was to highlight the clinical pharmacology considerations of phage therapy, such as pharmacokinetics, formulation, and dosing, while addressing several challenges associated with phage therapeutics for MDR P. aeruginosa infections. Further studies assessing phage pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics will help to guide interested clinicians and phage researchers towards greater success with phage therapy for MDR P. aeruginosa infections.

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Prevention of Bacteriophage Adsorption to Staphylococcus aureus by Immunoglobulin G

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Transfer of resistance plasmids from Staphylococcus epidermidis to Staphylococcus aureus: evidence for conjugative exchange of resistance

Transfer of resistance plasmids from Staphylococcus epidermidis to Staphylococcus aureus: evidence for conjugative exchange of resistance

Identification of staphylococcal phage with reduced transcription in human blood through transcriptome sequencing

Clinical Pharmacology of Bacteriophage Therapy: A Focus on Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections

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