Prevention of bacterial contamination, including initial flow diversion

Wood, Erica M.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-2824.2009.01241.x

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The reported prevalence of bacterial contamination of PCs is highly variable and difficult to assess due to differences in surveillance, testing methodologies and case definitions. Reported mortality rates for platelet‐related sepsis range from 1 in 20 000 to 1 in 100 000 donor exposures and contamination rate of PCs from 0·16% up to 0·6% at the end of their shelf life [3–6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood services worldwide have implemented interventions to reduce the risk of transmission of bacteria by transfusion. These include (i) primary prevention of the introduction of bacteria during blood donation, through vigorous donor selection, effective skin disinfection, diversion of the first volume from the blood donation and component production process monitoring; (ii) diagnostic detection by component culture and/or rapid detection methods; and (iii) pathogen reduction [3–5,7–12]. To validate and assess the methods for bacterial screening and pathogen reduction in a consistent manner, bacterial strains which are able to proliferate in blood components are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Establishment of the first International Repository for Transfusion‐Relevant Bacteria Reference Strains: ISBT Working Party Transfusion‐Transmitted Infectious Diseases (WP‐TTID), Subgroup on Bacteria

Störmer

Arroyo²,

Brachert

et al. 2011

Vox Sanguinis

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The study was undertaken as a proof of principle with the aim to demonstrate (i) the quality, stability and suitability of the bacterial strains for low-titre spiking of blood components, (ii) the property of donor-independent proliferation in PCs, and (iii) their suitability for worldwide shipping of deep frozen, blinded pathogenic bacteria. These aims were successfully fulfilled. The WHO Expert Committee Biological Standardisation has approved the adoption of these four bacteria strains as the first Repository for Transfusion-Relevant Bacteria Reference Strains and, additionally, endorsed as a project the addition of six further bacteria strain preparations suitable for control of platelet contamination as the next step of enlargement of the repository.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of the first International Repository for Transfusion‐Relevant Bacteria Reference Strains: ISBT Working Party Transfusion‐Transmitted Infectious Diseases (WP‐TTID), Subgroup on Bacteria

Störmer

Arroyo²,

Brachert

et al. 2011

Vox Sanguinis

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“…Various complementary measures have been implemented internationally to try to address this hazard [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Pre-Release Testing of Platelets – the Australian Red Cross Blood Service Clinical Experience

Borosak

Wood

2011

Transfus Med Hemother

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The risk of bacterial transmission by platelet transfusion has been recognised internationally as the leading residual infections transfusion risk in the last decade. We describe the clinical and logistical aspects of bacterial contamination screening of platelets introduced in Australia in early 2008. Sampling occurs at 24 h, and platelets are released to hospitals ‘negative to date’. Bacterial screening detection of initial machine-positive (IMP) and all follow-up results are notified to transfusing laboratories. Results of screening between 2008 and 2010 found a significant rate of IMP samples (1.06%) with a true- positive/indeterminate rate of 0.18%. Components were already transfused in 32.5% of cases at time of initial notification. Confirmed cases of septic transfusion reactions have declined significantly since the introduction of pre- release platelet screening, reflecting an important additional improvement in transfusion safety in Australia.

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“…(1) Donors returning from countries designated as dengue endemic are restricted to plasma for fractionation for 4 weeks from the date of leaving the dengue risk area. (2) In areas within Australia subject to periodic outbreaks of locally acquired dengue, donors who live in or have spent time in an area undergoing an outbreak are restricted to plasma for fractionation for the duration of the outbreak period. (3) The dengue risk management strategy also includes a strategy to mitigate the risk of dengue due to seasonal outbreaks in nonendemic countries, which are therefore not designated as dengue endemic, and donors returning from these countries are not automatically restricted to plasma for fractionation.…”

Section: Dengue Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing infectious threats – trick or threat?

Kiely

Seed

2015

ISBT Science Series

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Background Effective surveillance for, and response to, emerging infectious disease (EID) agents is a pivotal component of blood safety risk management policy. The rate of emergence of new potential agents is increasing which demands a robust risk management strategy for rapidly assessing and ranking potential threats. This review discusses the general principles of threat assessment for EID agents.Methods Various schema for the management of the risk posed by EID agents have been proposed. Examples are the AABB 'toolkit' for EIDs which includes a framework for recognition, assessment and management of EID agents, and the Australian Red Cross Blood Service's EID management strategy. Both systems incorporate EID agent 'templates' to assist with ranking the threat level and formulating an appropriate response. ResultsThreats are primarily assessed based on three main criteria: prevalence in donor population, transmissibility by blood and the severity of clinical disease in recipients. Where the threat is deemed significant, quantitative risk assessment and cost-effectiveness analysis for potential interventions can assist in defining the most appropriate mitigation strategy. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an excellent contemporary case study with transfusion-transmissibility now proven, but further studies required to define the extent of clinically significant disease in immunocompetent recipients.Conclusions The emergence of vCJD and subsequently West Nile virus underscored the importance of an effective EID risk management framework. However, not all EIDs necessarily pose a significant threat to blood safety, and therefore, an effective ranking system is required which we suggest should primarily assess prevalence, transmissibility and recipient disease outcome.

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Prevention of bacterial contamination, including initial flow diversion

Cited by 5 publications

References 80 publications

Establishment of the first International Repository for Transfusion‐Relevant Bacteria Reference Strains: ISBT Working Party Transfusion‐Transmitted Infectious Diseases (WP‐TTID), Subgroup on Bacteria

Establishment of the first International Repository for Transfusion‐Relevant Bacteria Reference Strains: ISBT Working Party Transfusion‐Transmitted Infectious Diseases (WP‐TTID), Subgroup on Bacteria

Bacterial Pre-Release Testing of Platelets – the Australian Red Cross Blood Service Clinical Experience

Assessing infectious threats – trick or threat?

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