Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenic Obesity in Women

Petroni, Maria Letizia; Caletti, Maria Turchese; Grave, Riccardo Dalle; Bazzocchi, Alberto; Gómez, Maria Pilar Aparisi; Marchesini, Giulio

doi:10.3390/nu11061302

Cited by 67 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…In contrast, chronic caloric restriction might increase muscle protein synthesis rather than downregulate ( 144 , 145 ). Major RCTs in non-sarcopenic women with obesity have suggested that caloric restriction (500 kcal deficit) with at least 0.8 g/kg of protein intake can effectively lose fat and improve physical function ( 146 , 147 ). Moreover, another study has demonstrated that even caloric restriction might cause loss of muscle mass, and hence, it is still more beneficial to mobility and strength when accompanying with resistance training ( 148 ).…”

Section: Treatments For Sarcopenic Obesity and Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes and Sarcopenic Obesity: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments

et al. 2020

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Sarcopenic obesity and diabetes are two increasing health problems worldwide, which both share many common risk factors, such as aging, and general obesity. The pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity includes aging, physical inactivity, malnutrition, low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, and hormonal changes. Nevertheless, there are two major reasons to cause diabetes: impaired insulin secretion and impaired insulin action. Furthermore, the individual diagnosis of obesity and sarcopenia should be combined to adequately define sarcopenic obesity. Also, the diagnosis of diabetes includes fasting plasma glucose test (FPG), 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycated hemoglobin (A1C), and random plasma glucose coupled with symptoms. Healthy diet and physical activity are beneficial to both sarcopenic obesity and diabetes, but there are only recommended drugs for diabetes. This review consolidates and discusses the latest research in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatments of diabetes and sarcopenic obesity.

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Section: Treatments For Sarcopenic Obesity and Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes and Sarcopenic Obesity: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments

et al. 2020

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“…Sarcopenic obesity has been also associated with an increased risks of functional disability, falls, fractures, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders [6,[8][9][10][11][12]. The pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity is multifactorial, encompassing neurological, hormonal, environmental, genetic, and nutritional factors, and their interplay [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) and the Traditional Brazilian Diet on Sarcopenia in Severe Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial

et al. 2020

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Background: Nutritional interventions may have positive effects on sarcopenia and body composition. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) consumption and a healthy traditional Brazilian diet (DieTBra) on improving sarcopenia indicators and reducing total body fat in severe obesity. Methods: A randomized controlled trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02463435) conducted with 111 severely obese participants randomized into three treatment groups—(1) EVOO (52 mL/day), (2) DieTBra, (3) DieTBra + EVOO (52 mL/day)—for 12 weeks. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and sarcopenia by walking speed and handgrip strength. Results: Significant reductions in total body fat (p = 0.041) and body weight (p = 0.003) were observed in the DieTBra group. In the DietBra + olive oil group there was also a significant reduction in body weight (0.001) compared to the olive oil-only group. ANCOVA analyses showed reductions in total body fat in the DieTBra (p = 0.016) and DieTBra + olive oil (p = 0.004) groups. Individuals in the DieTBra group had significant improvements in their walking speed (p = 0.042) and handgrip strength (p = 0.044). Conclusions: DieTBra contributes to improvements in handgrip strength, walking speed, and total body fat in severely obese adults. The major study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02463435).

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“…This finding has been contradicted in a study where falls were best predicted by sarcopenia and lean muscle mass [40]. In the setting of sarcopenic obesity, a combination of obesity with low skeletal muscle mass and correction of vitamin D deficiency had a positive role on muscle mass [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of increased serum 25(OH)D and calcium on structure and function of post-menopausal women: a pilot study

et al. 2020

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Summary The purpose was to determine if increasing serum 25(OH)D and calcium in postmenopausal women increased skeletal muscle size, strength, balance, and functional task performance while decreasing muscle fatigue. PCSA of the vastus lateralis increased and ascent of stairs time decreased after 6 months of increased serum 25(OH)D. Purpose The Institute of Medicine recommends ≥ 20 ng/ml of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] for bone and overall health. Serum 25(OH)D levels have been associated with physical performance, postural sway, and falls. The purpose of this study was to determine if increasing postmenopausal women’s serum 25(OH)D levels from 20–30 ng/ml to 40–50 ng/ml improved skeletal muscle size, strength, balance, and functional performance while decreasing skeletal muscle fatigue. Methods Twenty-six post-menopausal women (60–85 years old) with baseline serum 25(OH)D levels between 20 and 30 ng/ml were recruited. Oral over-the-counter (OTC) vitamin D3 and calcium citrate were prescribed to increase subjects’ serum 25(OH)D to levels between 40 and 50 ng/ml, serum calcium levels above 9.2 mg/dl, and PTH levels below 60 pg/ml, which were confirmed at 6 and 12 weeks. Outcome measures assessed at baseline and 6 months included muscle physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA), muscle strength, postural balance, time to perform functional tasks, and muscle fatigue. Repeated measures comparisons between baseline and follow-up were performed. Results Nineteen subjects completed the study. One individual could not afford the time commitment for the repeated measures. Three individuals did not take their vitamin D as recommended. Two subjects were lost to follow-up (lack of interest), and one did not achieve targeted serum 25(OH)D. Vastus lateralis PCSA increased (p = 0.007) and ascent of stair time decreased (p = 0.042) after 6 months of increasing serum 25(OH)D levels from 20–30 ng/ml to 40–50 ng/ml. Isometric strength was unchanged. Anterior-posterior center of pressure (COP) excursion and COP path length decreased (p < 0.1) albeit non-significantly, suggesting balance may improve from increased serum 25(OH)D and calcium citrate levels. Conclusions Several measures of muscle structure and function were sensitive to elevated serum 25(OH)D and calcium levels indicating that further investigation of this phenomenon in post-menopausal women is warranted.

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Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenic Obesity in Women

Cited by 67 publications

References 75 publications

Diabetes and Sarcopenic Obesity: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments

Diabetes and Sarcopenic Obesity: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments

Effects of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) and the Traditional Brazilian Diet on Sarcopenia in Severe Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Effect of increased serum 25(OH)D and calcium on structure and function of post-menopausal women: a pilot study

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