Prevention and Health Benefits of Prebiotics, Probiotics and Postbiotics in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Abstract

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of leukemia in children, comprising 75–85% of cases. Aggressive treatment of leukemias includes chemotherapy and antibiotics that often disrupt the host microbiota. Additionally, the gut microbiota may play a role in the development and progression of acute leukemia. Prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics are considered beneficial to health. The role of prebiotics in the treatment and development of leukemia is not well understood, but inulin can be potentially used in the treatment of leukemia. Some probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus shows anticancer activity in in vitro studies. Additionally, Bifidobacterium spp., as a consequence of the inhibition of growth factor signaling and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, decrease the proliferation of cancer cells. Many bacterial metabolites have promising anticancer potential. The available research results are promising. However, more research is needed in humans, especially in the child population, to fully understand the relationship between the gut microbiota and acute leukemia.

Recent Advances in Microbiota-Associated Metabolites in Heart Failure

“…High fiber diets have been shown to promote the growth of beneficial gut microbiota species, including by increasing bacteria that produce acetate to promote lowered blood pressure and by reducing cardiac remodeling occurring in hypertension and heart failure [ 189 ]. Additional beneficial effects of prebiotics include regulation of weight by reducing obesity, improving glucose tolerance, exerting anti-inflammatory effects, and control of ROS in several inflammatory diseases and cancers [ 190 , 191 , 192 ].…”

Postbiotics of Lacticaseibacillus paracaseiCECT 9610 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarumCECT 9608 attenuates store‐operated calcium entry and FAK phosphorylation in colorectal cancer cells

“…Meanwhile, probiotics are live microorganisms that, in adequate amounts, confer health benefits [ 4 ] and the recently identified postbiotics include preparations of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confer health benefits to the host [ 5 ]. The term postbiotic includes a variety of metabolites including vitamins, amino acids, short‐chain fatty acids, microbial cell fragments, extracellular polysaccharides and organic acids, such as teichoic acid [ 6 ]. Postbiotics might act either by direct interaction with the host cells or indirectly modifying the host cells environment, i.e.…”