Prevention &amp; Conservation: Historicizing the Stigma of Hearing Loss, 1910-1940

Virdi, Jaipreet

doi:10.1177/1073110517750587

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Implicit in the strategy was the idea that because there were medical avenues to pursue, it was the hearing-impaired person's individual responsibility to pursue those avenues and "cure" their disability. 78 Like their civilian counterparts, it was deaf and hard-of-hearing soldiers' individual responsibility to enroll in the state's training services, conform to the hearing world, and become sound citizens.…”

Section: Hearing and Speech Disabled Veterans' Experiences After The Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…"Passing as 'normal,'" writes historian Jaipreet Virdi, "enabled d/Deaf people to separate themselves from other disabled people … and generally avoid the stigma of disability for themselves." 33 Through medical intervention or speech and language pathology that taught lip-reading, deaf and hard-of-hearing people could (re)claim their places as integrated American citizens.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sound Citizenship: Hearing and Speech Disabilities in World War I

Sullivan

2023

J. gilded age prog. era

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This article discusses speech and hearing disabled Americans’ claims to citizenship during World War I, and the ways American policymakers sought to rehabilitate American soldiers treated in the U.S. Army Section of Defects of Hearing and Speech—or those classified after the Section’s closure as deaf, hard-of-hearing, or “speech defective.” Ultimately, I argue that one’s aural communication abilities were indicators of worthiness in American society and that this was especially the case during World War I, when tensions about speech and hearing heightened within and outside of the Deaf community due to significant pressures placed on Americans to show support for the war. Such pressures also shaped the experiences of American soldiers treated for speech and hearing disabilities after 1918, by suggesting that their service to the United States could not be complete until they were successfully rehabilitated through lip-reading training. To be able to aurally communicate signified the veterans’ sound citizenship in a literal and a metaphorical sense.

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Section: Hearing and Speech Disabled Veterans' Experiences After The Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sound Citizenship: Hearing and Speech Disabilities in World War I

Sullivan

2023

J. gilded age prog. era

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Fluid deafness: earwax and hardness of hearing in early modern Europe

Verwaal

2021

Med. Hist.

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This article discusses hearing disability in early modern Europe, focusing on medical ideas to demonstrate a profound shift in thinking about deafness over the course of the eighteenth century. Scholars have previously described changes in the social status of the deaf in the eighteenth century, pointing at clerics’ sympathy for the deaf and philosophers’ fascination with gestures as the origin of language, but there is remarkably little scholarship on the growing interest in deafness and hardness of hearing by physicians. From the seventeenth century onwards, however, medical men investigated earwax and mucus in the Eustachian Tube and developed theories about the propagation of sound waves via fluid airs and nervous juices in relation to hearing and deafness. This article argues that this focus on fluids brought about a new medical understanding of auditory perception, which viewed hearing and deafness not as dichotomous but as states along a continuous spectrum. As such, this article offers a new perspective on the study and treatment of hearing difficulties in early modern Europe, arguing that there was no solid dividing line between deafness and hearing; if anything, it was permeable and unstable.

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The biopsychosociotechnical model: a systems-based framework for human-centered health improvement

Card

2022

Health Systems

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The biopsychosocial model is among the most influential frameworks for human-centered health improvement but has faced significant criticism– both conceptual and pragmatic. This paper extends and fundamentally re-structures the biopsychosocial model by combining it with sociotechnical systems theory. The resulting biopsychosociotechnical model addresses key critiques of the biopsychosocial model, providing a more “practical theory” for human-centered health improvement. It depicts the determinants of health as complex adaptive system of systems; includes the the artificial world (technology); and provides a roadmap for systems improvement by: differentiating between “health status” and “health and needs assessment”, [promoting problem framing]; explaining health as an emergent property of the biopsychosociotechnical context [imposing a systems orientation]; focusing on “interventions” vs. “treatments” to modify the biopsychosociotechnical determinants of health, [expanding the solution space]; calling for a participatory design process [supporting systems awareness and goal-orientation]; and including intervention management to support the full lifecycle of health improvement.

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Prevention & Conservation: Historicizing the Stigma of Hearing Loss, 1910-1940

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Sound Citizenship: Hearing and Speech Disabilities in World War I

Sound Citizenship: Hearing and Speech Disabilities in World War I

Fluid deafness: earwax and hardness of hearing in early modern Europe

The biopsychosociotechnical model: a systems-based framework for human-centered health improvement

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