Preventing subclinical necrotic enteritis through Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 by ameliorating lipid metabolism and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens

Abstract

Increasing studies have focused on the beneficial effects of Lactobacillus johnsonii in certain diseases. Here, we studied the prevention ability of a probiotic strain, L. johnsonii BS15 on subclinical necrotic enteritis (SNE), and its underlying mechanism. 180 male Cobb 500 chicks were randomly allotted into three groups and administrated with BS15 (1 × 106 cfu/g) or Man Rogosa Sharpe liquid medium throughout a 28-day experimental period. With the exception of the normal group, SNE infection was treated for the remaining experimental period after the chicks were fed with normal diet 14 days. Results showed that BS15 notably suppressed the SNE-induced loss of average daily gain and liver functional abnormality. Additionally, BS15 facilitated lipid metabolism of SNE boilers when the contents of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ and adipose triglyceride lipase in adipose tissue and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased. BS15 also attenuated the hepatic lipid accumulation of stricken chicks by suppressing the genes expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c as well as stimulating the genes expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1. Moreover, BS15 enhanced the development of SNE gut by improving the intestinal development and digestion as well as adjusting the gut microflora. Therefore, BS15 may provide a promising natural preventative strategy against SNE, which may be contributed to the amelioration of lipid metabolism and intestinal microflora.

Galacto-oligosaccharides modulate the juvenile gut microbiome and innate immunity to improve broiler chicken performance

“…The correlation between increased IL-17A expression and L. johnsonii abundance parallels the intestinal induction of IL-17A observed in response to tightly adherent symbiotic species (60)(61)(62)(63)(64). L. johnsonii is an established probiotic that has been demonstrated to have beneficial effects when applied in poultry production (48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53). Several modes of action have been proposed for probiotic strains of L. johnsonii but underlying these is the multi-modal ability of the species to affect epithelial gut cell adherence (65)(66)(67)(68), which we propose will induce the expression of IL-17A.…”

“…In broiler chickens, administration of a L. johnsonii isolate has been reported to improve growth performance (48). Subsequently it was reported that meat from L. johnsonii treated birds had higher nutritional value and the birds showed resistance to the development of necrotic enteritis (49,50). Similar results were obtained by administering L. johnsonii LB1 to piglets to improve performance and reduce diarrhea (51).…”

Probiotics mitigating subclinical necrotic enteritis (SNE) as potential alternatives to antibiotics in poultry

“…Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 prevented subclinical necrotic enteritis by reducing expression of genes expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c. It also enhanced gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 while helped in mitigating subclinical necrotic enteritis (Qing et al 2017). Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 significantly increased in the CD3 + CD4 + T-lymphocyte percentage in peripheral blood of birds affected with SNE.…”

“…Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 ameliorated the lipid metabolism and improved the intestinal microflora of chickens. Thus, Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 can be used as potential probiotic for prevention of SNE (Qing et al 2017). Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 improved the blood parameters related to immunity in chickens infected with SNE.…”

“…Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus acidophilus decrease the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in birds affected with NE (Wang et al 2018). Lactobacillus acidophilus was responsible for the decline in RNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in birds affected with CP (Qing et al 2017). By decreasing cpb2 mRNA, Lactobacillus fermentum prevented the β toxin production by CP (Allaart et al 2011).…”