Preventing Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Global Challenge

Widdifield, Jessica

doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.04.019

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is recognized by the way the body’s immune system attacks the lining of the joints and results in significant mortality and morbidity rates. The lifetime risk of developing RA is increasing globally such as in the United States—1.7% (1 in 59) for men and 3.6% (1 in 28) for women; it varies within gender and individuals over time [ 20 ]. It is a long-lasting degenerative joint disease with an unknown etiology; however, it is thought to have multifactorial pathogenesis, including genetic and environmental defects as well as impaired immune regulation [ 21 ].…”

Section: Rheumatoid Arthritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Findings on Thymoquinone and Its Applications as a Nanocarrier for the Treatment of Cancer and Rheumatoid Arthritis

et al. 2021

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Cancer causes a considerable amount of mortality in the world, while arthritis is an immunological dysregulation with multifactorial pathogenesis including genetic and environmental defects. Both conditions have inflammation as a part of their pathogenesis. Resistance to anticancer and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) happens frequently through the generation of energy-dependent transporters, which lead to the expulsion of cellular drug contents. Thymoquinone (TQ) is a bioactive molecule with anticancer as well as anti-inflammatory activities via the downregulation of several chemokines and cytokines. Nevertheless, the pharmacological importance and therapeutic feasibility of thymoquinone are underutilized due to intrinsic pharmacokinetics, including short half-life, inadequate biological stability, poor aqueous solubility, and low bioavailability. Owing to these pharmacokinetic limitations of TQ, nanoformulations have gained remarkable attention in recent years. Therefore, this compilation intends to critically analyze recent advancements in rheumatoid arthritis and cancer delivery of TQ. This literature search revealed that nanocarriers exhibit potential results in achieving targetability, maximizing drug internalization, as well as enhancing the anti-inflammatory and anticancer efficacy of TQ. Additionally, TQ-NPs (thymoquinone nanoparticles) as a therapeutic payload modulated autophagy as well as enhanced the potential of other drugs when given in combination. Moreover, nanoformulations improved pharmacokinetics, drug deposition, using EPR (enhanced permeability and retention) and receptor-mediated delivery, and enhanced anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. TQ’s potential to reduce metal toxicity, its clinical trials and patents have also been discussed.

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Section: Rheumatoid Arthritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Findings on Thymoquinone and Its Applications as a Nanocarrier for the Treatment of Cancer and Rheumatoid Arthritis

et al. 2021

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“…So, it is pretty desirable to make timely and accurate early diagnosis, reasonable management and prospective prognosis for RA patients. However, there are obvious technical constraints (such as insensitivity, delayed diagnosis of diseases and obvious adverse reactions of biologics) in conventional physician check, joint imaging with diagnostic and treatment instruments, detection of various serum and synovial joint markers in RA patients ( Conigliaro et al, 2019 ; Widdifield, 2019 ). Although western medicine, as well traditional medicine of various ethnic groups including unique Tibetan medicine bath and other internationally recognized RA therapies has the potential role on RA, its mystery still needs to be uncovered to explore deeper pharmacological mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Implementation of Artificial Intelligence-Based Deep Learning and Cloud Computing on the Application of Traditional Medicine and Western Medicine in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Wang

Hou

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, is a serious threat to the health of middle-aged and elderly people. Although western medicine, traditional medicine such as traditional Chinese medicine, Tibetan medicine and other ethnic medicine have shown certain advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of RA, there are still some practical shortcomings, such as delayed diagnosis, improper treatment scheme and unclear drug mechanism. At present, the applications of artificial intelligence (AI)-based deep learning and cloud computing has aroused wide attention in the medical and health field, especially in screening potential active ingredients, targets and action pathways of single drugs or prescriptions in traditional medicine and optimizing disease diagnosis and treatment models. Integrated information and analysis of RA patients based on AI and medical big data will unquestionably benefit more RA patients worldwide. In this review, we mainly elaborated the application status and prospect of AI-assisted deep learning and cloud computation-oriented western medicine and traditional medicine on the diagnosis and treatment of RA in different stages. It can be predicted that with the help of AI, more pharmacological mechanisms of effective ethnic drugs against RA will be elucidated and more accurate solutions will be provided for the treatment and diagnosis of RA in the future.

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“…The standard treatment of this condition commonly begins with disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy within 3 months of diagnosis. However, the DMARDs only control but cannot cure the disease and therefore, prevention of this condition is highly recommended [ 14 , 15 ]. Since methods for accurately predicting those at high risk of RA are still not available [ 14 ], herbal medicine such as the EtPV could be used as an alternative intervene to at least delay or may be completely inhibit the condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the DMARDs only control but cannot cure the disease and therefore, prevention of this condition is highly recommended [ 14 , 15 ]. Since methods for accurately predicting those at high risk of RA are still not available [ 14 ], herbal medicine such as the EtPV could be used as an alternative intervene to at least delay or may be completely inhibit the condition. However, the safety of plant extract has to be confirmed to avoid any health risks, and to the best of our knowledge, toxicological evaluation of ethanol extract of EtPV has not yet been conducted by any research group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Induced by the Crude Ethanol Extract of Plukenetia volubilis Linneo Leaves in Swiss Albino Mice

Tran

2021

BioMed Research International

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Plukenetia volubilis Linneo (P. volubilis), or Sacha inca, is an oleaginous plant from the Euphorbiaceae family. The presence of terpenoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds in the ethanol extracts of P. volubilis L leaves has been reported, showing a range of bioactivities including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesia. However, the safety of this plant has not yet been reported explicitly. This study thus is aimed at evaluating the toxicity of the ethanol extract of P. volubilis leaves (EtPV) by acute and subchronic toxicity tests in Swiss albino mice following standard procedures set by The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) with slight modifications. In the acute toxicity test, the treatment groups were administered orally with the EtPV at doses of 1000, 3000, 5000, and 7000 mg/kg body weight in small fractions during 16 hours, and the mice were then observed in 14 consecutive days. In the subchronic toxicity study, the EtPV was given at doses of 100, 300, 500, and 700 mg/kg body weight for 90 days. Changes in behavior, mortality rate, and body and the weights of vital organs, hematology, clinical biochemistry, urine analysis, and histologic morphology were evaluated. The acute toxicity study showed that the EtPV causes no sign of toxicity or mortality. The hematological, biochemical and urine analyses, changes in the weight of the body and vital organs (heart, liver and kidney), and histopathological analyses of organs indicated no evidence of toxicity at any doses. It was also revealed that oral administration of EtPV is safe at the oral doses set by acute and subchronic toxicity tests, and the oral lethal dose for the EtPV is higher than 7000 mg/kg. This study is the first to confirm the safety of P. volubilis leaf ethanol extract, and as a result, encouraging further investigation to examine EtPV potential for traditional medicine.

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Preventing Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Global Challenge

Cited by 10 publications

References 125 publications

Recent Findings on Thymoquinone and Its Applications as a Nanocarrier for the Treatment of Cancer and Rheumatoid Arthritis

Recent Findings on Thymoquinone and Its Applications as a Nanocarrier for the Treatment of Cancer and Rheumatoid Arthritis

Practical Implementation of Artificial Intelligence-Based Deep Learning and Cloud Computing on the Application of Traditional Medicine and Western Medicine in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Evaluation of Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Induced by the Crude Ethanol Extract of Plukenetia volubilis Linneo Leaves in Swiss Albino Mice

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