Preventing pain during injection of propofol: effects of a new emulsion with lidocaine addition

Bachmann-Mennenga, B.; Ohlmer, A.; Boedeker, Rolf-Hasso; Mann, Marion; Mühlenbruch, B.

doi:10.1017/s0265021506000974

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…This is in agreement with a recently published study that used a lower dose of lidocaine [14]. Unfortunately, the addition of lidocaine to propofol involves extra work and introduces associated drug-mixing risks e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Lidocaine is more efficient than the choice of propofol formulations to reduce incidence of pain on induction

Mallick¹,

Elliot²,

Krishnan³

et al. 2007

European Journal of Anaesthesiology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Lidocaine is more efficient than the choice of propofol formulations to reduce incidence of pain on induction

Mallick¹,

Elliot²,

Krishnan³

et al. 2007

European Journal of Anaesthesiology

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“…The appropriate sample size was estimated based on the assumption that we were interested in an incidence reduction of propofol-LCT/MCT injection pain by 15% with the premixed group having an incidence of 23% for propofol-LCT/MCT injection pain in a previous study [7,11]. This yielded a sample size of 105 subjects per group with α = 0.05, β = 0.8, using Fisher exact test with the G-power program.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reports show that pretreatment with lidocaine with a tourniquet has a better effect than a premixed injection with propofol-LCT [2] but not consistently. Furthermore, propofol-LCT/MCT was introduced as a new chemical agent with less injection pain than propofol-LCT [7,8], and lidocaine is effective for reducing injection pain of this agent [9]. However, no comparative studies have been done on the preventive effect of injection pain between a premixed injection and pretreatment of lidocaine during propofol-LCT/MCT administration in the same clinical setting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the preventive effects of pretreatment of lidocaine with a tourniquet and a premixed injection of lidocaine on propofol-LCT/MCT injection pain

Byon

Lee

Shim

et al. 2014

Korean J Anesthesiol

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BackgroundLidocaine has been used widely to prevent propofol injection pain. Various methods of administration exist, such as lidocaine premixed with propofol or lidocaine pretreatment using a tourniquet, but it is unclear which method of lidocaine administration is more effective for the prevention of injection pain of propofol LCT/MCT. The purpose of this study was to compare pretreatment of lidocaine with a tourniquet and a premixed injection of lidocaine to prevent injection pain of propofol-LCT/MCT.MethodsPatients were randomly allocated into the pretreatment group (n = 117) or the premixed group (n = 117). The pretreatment group was pretreated with 2 ml of lidocaine 2%, held with a tourniquet, before propofol-LCT/MCT injection. The premixed group was injected with a premixed solution of propofol-LCT/MCT and 2 ml of lidocaine 2%. To evaluate the incidence and severity of pain, spontaneous verbal expressions of pain, movement of hand, frowning, and moaning were recorded, and the patients were asked to recall their pain with the visual analogue score (VAS) 30 minutes after awakening from anesthesia.ResultsOverall, injection pain occurred in 13.7% of the pretreatment group and 15.4% of the premixed group, without any statistical difference (P = 0.71). There was no difference in spontaneous verbal expressions of pain, movement of hand, frowning, and moaning between the two groups. The pain intensity (VAS) also showed no difference between the two groups (P = 0.49).ConclusionsPretreatment of lidocaine with a tourniquet showed no more benefit to prevent injection pain of propofol LCT/MCT compared to a premixed injection with lidocaine.

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“…Yamakage and colleagues reported that by using a mix of medium and long chain triglycerides, the aqueous propofol concentration was decreased by up to 40% compared to using only long chain triglycerides [8]. It has also be shown that using a medium/long chain triglyceride propofol emulsion reduced the injection pain incidence to 47% compared to 60% when using a long chain triglyceride propofol emulsion [9].…”

Section: Conflict Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propofol: to shake or not to shake

Michael

Rice

2016

Rom J Anaesth Int Care

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Preventing pain during injection of propofol: effects of a new emulsion with lidocaine addition

Abstract: Premixing propofol medium-chain triglyceride/long-chain triglyceride with lidocaine is one of the most effective measures currently available to reduce the incidence of injection pain in sedated patients during regional anaesthesia.

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Lidocaine is more efficient than the choice of propofol formulations to reduce incidence of pain on induction

Lidocaine is more efficient than the choice of propofol formulations to reduce incidence of pain on induction

Comparison of the preventive effects of pretreatment of lidocaine with a tourniquet and a premixed injection of lidocaine on propofol-LCT/MCT injection pain

Propofol: to shake or not to shake

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