“…To date it remains unknown whether the contents of the PHN contact or simply the contact itself is associated with positive outcomes. Although a few prenatal programs (LaPierre, Perreault, & Goulet, 1995;May, McLaughlin, & Penner, 1991;Skovholt, Lia-Hoagberg, Mullett, Siiteri, Vanman, Josten, McKay, & Oberg, 1994) have used community outreach workers in this manner, the effectiveness of these workers has not been well documented.…”