Preventing horse-related injuries by watching out for other humans

Abstract

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Cognitive timescales in highly skilled physical actions learned through practice: A 20-year participant observation analysis of recreational surfing

“…For his solo ascent of El Capitan in Yosemite National Park, climber Alex Honnold said that he learned every single body move for the entire ascent, on previous roped climbs, before making the successful solo attempt (Varsahelyi and Chin, 2018). Corresponding cognitive components can be identified for a very wide range of sports and outdoor activities on land, air and water (Jamal et al, 2019), including those involving animals (Gombeski et al, 2017), motors, weapons, or competition with opponents (Denis et al, 2017).…”

“…Athletic competence at adventurous outdoor nature sports requires fitness, activity-specific physical skills, and activity-specific cognitive capabilities (Ericsson et al, 2006;Mann et al, 2007;Chan et al, 2011;Montero, 2016;Araújo et al, 2017;Bilalić, 2017;Feletti et al, 2017;Feletti & Brymer, 2018;Gombeski et al, 2017;Hallandvik et al, 2017;Immonen et al, 2017;Jamal et al, 2019;Toner & Moran, 2017). In particular, these skills are required for surfing and related sports Chapman et al, 2008;Brymer & Oades, 2009;Furley and Dörr, 2016;Andrianopoulos & Vogiatzis, 2017;Portugal et al, 2017;Taylor & Elia, 2017;Wheaton, 2017).…”

Prevalence and impact of bumps, bruises, and other painful incidents among children while handling and riding horses

“…While most research has investigated horse-related injuries in the context of emergency medical settings and hospital admissions, it is also important to understand painful incidents that do not necessarily lead to these medically based outcomes. Initial work in this area has been conducted by Camargo et al (2018) and Gombeski et al (2017) focusing on understanding a broad range of injuries and their causes as well as the preventability of these injuries in a sample of riders across the lifespan. Our objectives were to: a) gain a better understanding of the prevalence of painful incidents experienced when handling and riding horses, b) contextual factors of helmet use and supervision, and c) the impact of these incidents on medical attention sought, behavior, and perceptions of the sport.…”

“…However, helmets were used much less often when handling horses (28.2% of parents and 16.9% of children reported 'always') compared to riding horses (99.2% of parents and children reported "always"). As injuries including painful incidents also occur when handling horses, the use of safety equipment at these times is critical (Cuenca et al, 2009;Ghosh et al, 2000;Gombeski et al, 2017). Even though the importance of and need for safety promotion in equestrian sport has been emphasized (Sorli, 2000) and initiatives have been implemented (e.g., policy, educational activities), these results suggest there is still more work to be done.…”

“…Recent work has begun to explore a broader range of injury severities as well as common causes of these injuries (e.g., horse spooking, ill-mannered horses, other humans; Camargo et al, 2018;Gombeski et al, 2017). Throughout this paper, injury will be defined as any bodily harm, hurt or damage resulting from an interaction between a person's behavior and their environment (Haddon & Baker, 1981).…”